My first Magazine | Page 29

CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS
Figure 1 . Prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis in the group of patients
and in other specialties . Apical periodontitis are oral inflammatory disorders associated with systemic inflammatory changes . Endodontic infections are characterized by the presence of some soluble bacterial products with a strong pro-inflammatory potential . Lipopolysaccharides , present and released from the gram-negative cell walls , are components of endodontic bacteria best described to induce cytokines and other inflammatory components as IFNγ , IL-1 α and β , IL6 , IL8 , TNFα . 3 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis in a group of chronic kidney disease patients and their relationship with the parameters related to the renal function .
2 . Materials and methods
51 predialysed adults were included in this study that was approved by the Ethical Committee of the “ Carol Davila ” University of Medicine and Pharmacy , number 31 on August 9 , 2014 . They were known for at least one year to have CKD ( GFR < 60 ml / min / 1.73 m ²), had the ability to understand the protocol and signed the informed consent form . Bimaxillary edentulous patients under immunosuppressive treatment , those with mental retardation , mental illness or malignancy , pregnant or lactating women were excluded . The medical parameters were extracted from the observation charts of the hospital using a registration form that included : age , gender , residence , education level , smoker / non-smoker status , the diagnosis of basic kidney disease , current level eGFRs , the stage of CKD , association or not with diabetes or not , acid-base balance parameters of bone mineral metabolism , anthropometric and biochemical parameters of nutritional status , hematological changes and state of systemic inflammation . Panoramic radiographs were performed to diagnose chronic periapical dental infections or other pathology existing in the bone tissue . Retroalveolar X-rays were indicated by the contributor specialist radiologist after seeing the orthopantomograms , for those cases where he considered them to correctly diagnose chronic apical periodontitis . Chronic apical periodontitis has been diagnosed by the presence of any radiolucent areas detected in the apical third of teeth . The diagrams were made using Microsoft Excel 2007 , and the statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical analysis software version 19 . Statistical correlations between variables were tested by using the tool Analyze→Correlate→Bivariate .
3 . Results
Chronic apical periodontitis was diagnosed radiographically and confirmed by the presence of any radiolucent areas detected in the apical third of teeth . Thus , 29.41 % of patients had no periapical lesion , 33.33 % had one periapical lesion , 17.64 % had 2 periapical lesions and the remaining 19.62 % had at least three periapical lesions ( Fig . 1 ). Chronic apical periodontitis were not statistically significantly associated with any of the demographic variables ( Table 1 ). In exchange , lower serum albumin levels were significantly associated with a greater number of periapical lesions . In addition , the large number of chronic apical periodontitis was significantly associated with high values of cholesterol . There was evidenced no significant relationship between chronic apical periodontitis on the one hand , and smoking , diabetes or body mass index ( BMI ), on the other hand ( Table 2 ). The presence of apical lesions was not associated with any estimated glomerular filtration rate , or the chronic kidney disease stage ( Table 3 ).

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