a joint venture company setup by the Ministry of Power , floated tender to procure EVs to replace government vehicles .
NITI Aayog projected that India can save 64 % of anticipated passenger road-based mobility related energy demand and 37 % of carbon emissions in 2030 by pursuing a shared , electric , and connected mobility future .
The direct implication of decreasing carbon emissions using EVs is that it would help India honour its obligation of emission cut under the Paris Climate Agreement .
DRIVERS OF EV ADOPTION As per McKinsey & Co ., while global EV sales presently form less than 1 % of new car purchases , this may soon change , with a mix of push and pull factors creating a self-sustainable cycle of EV growth over the next few years . We are at an inflection point with regard to EV technology .
Stringent emission norms , improved battery technologies , battery price , charging speed , driving range , charging infrastructure , EV-grid integration , Swappable batteries and cost of EVs are some of the drivers for adoption .
IMPACT ON OIL & GAS SECTOR Globally , EVs could displace a demand of 2 million barrels of oil per day between 2025 and 2030 . While oil marketing companies ( OMCs ) could see this as a threat , they could also see it as an opportunity to expand into different business areas . For example , expanding in the renewable energy business . Opting for alternate asset utilization has led some major oil companies to offer EV charging infrastructure at their retail outlets .
The shift to e-mobility is inevitable . It brings with it challenges and opportunities and the broader ecosystem to capitalize on new technologies , and , in the process reap substantial economic benefits . It ’ s now widely accepted that by 2030 , the future of cars will be dramatically different from today . Not just autonomous , shared or e-vehicles but may be in the form of flying cars and Hyperloop too . Now possibility of passenger drone is nearing reality . The technology and product development of passenger drones and traditional flying cars seem to be swiftly progressing with vertical take-off and landing ( VTOL ).
TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES ( HEVS ) - Powered by petrol and electricity . Honda Civic Hybrid and Toyota Camry Hybrid PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES ( PHEVS ) - Can be recharged through both regenerative braking and ‘ plugging-in ’ to an external electrical charging outlet . Toyota Prius and Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES ( BEVS ) - Fully electric
Inauguration of Electric Vehicle Charging Station at HPCL COMCO Nagpur , developed by HPCL — first ever by any OMC in the country .
vehicles , powered by electricity . Can recharge their batteries through regenerative braking . BMW i3 Nissan Leaf and Tesla 3
EVOLUTION OF BATTERY TECHNOLOGY LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES ( LIBS ) - Positively charged lithium ions travel between the anode and the cathode in the electrolyte . Tesla and Nissan use this technology . SOLID STATE BATTERIES- Solid-state batteries have solid components so no chances of electrolyte leaks or fires ( provided a flame-resistant electrolyte is used ), ability to operate in an extended temperature range . Toyota and Volkswagen , are looking into solid state batteries to power their electric cars . ALUMINIUM-ION BATTERIES- Similar to LIBs but have an aluminium anode . Research is still in its infancy . Scientists at Stanford recently solved one of the aluminium-ion battery ’ s greatest drawbacks , its cyclability , by using an aluminium metal anode and a graphite cathode . LITHIUM-SULFUR ( LI / S ) BATTERIES- Typically have a lithium anode and a sulfur-carbon cathode . Li / S batteries , combined with solar panels , powered the famous 3-day flight of the Zephyr-6 unmanned aerial vehicle . NASA has invested in solid-state Li / S batteries to power space exploration , and Oxis Energy is also working to commercialise Li / S batteries . METAL-AIR BATTERIES- Have a pure-metal anode and an ambient air cathode . As the cathode typically makes up most of the weight in a battery , having one made of air is a major advantage . Most experimental work uses oxygen as the cathode to prevent the metal from reacting with CO ¬ 2 in the air , because capturing enough oxygen in the ambient air is a major challenge .
Anurag Chourasia Senior Manager - Industrial Engineering , Manpower Planning , PH
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