Muscle & Fitness 2018-03-01 Muscle & Fitness UK.edcoan.ir | Page 134

That’s right. It’s you, just 1.5 million years ago, albeit with a slightly protruding brow and body hair that Ryan Giggs would envy. You see, when framing how humans have become softer around the edges over time, it’s essential that we understand why? The answer, as Pearl Jam wrote, is: ‘... evolution, baby’. Imagine once more, this time a book that contains 6000 pages. Open Page One of this book and highlight just a third of the page with a yellow marker pen. If the book contained chapters of our human history then this third of a page would symbolise the amount of time that we have had to deal with excess food availability, the internet and sedentary life-style (the current obesigenic environment). For the previous 5999 and two third pages of our evolution, our inner workings haven’t been programmed to prioritise double-stuffed Oreos, Doritos, Grand Theft Auto or iPhones into our daily ‘hunter gatherer’ routine. Innovative cave-dwellers who developed the tools, fire and wheels to ease the hunter/gather process, swiftly leapt up the food chain, thus gaining a couple of extra kilos of fat - albeit a rare luxury, wasn’t the issue it once was for escaping predators. Now, the most likely 21st Century urban predator posed to do most bodily harm are the obesity-related diseases we gather from over frequented chippy’s and kebab vans. You see, over the past million years or so, our bodies have evolved to survive challenging physical conditions. By retaining energy through storing fats and carbohydrates, along with being resourceful with our energy expenditure, we developed the ability to manage extended periods of time without food and water. So, you can thank your hairy, Homo-erectus former-self for starting that process off. However, how was he to know that just a few million years later, fried chicken and kebabs wouldn’t be so tough to hunt down and catch. Today the over-consumption of 132 MUSCLE & FITNESS / MARCH 2018 S P O RT S PERFORMANCE energy stores are either too high or low and require reducing or topping up. The latter, non-homeostatic impulse, on the other hand, is achieved through heightened hunger signals a