Military Review English Edition May-June 2014 | Page 52
7. Clay Wilson, Network Centric Operations: Background and Oversight Issues
for Congress (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2007): 5,
23-26, and 37.
8. Darrell Collins, “Enabling Army Digital Organizations” (Kandahar, Afghanistan: 5/2/ID (SBCT), forthcoming research paper), 5-7; Gregory A. Goodwin
and David R. James, Decision Making With Digital Systems (Arlington, VA:
U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 2009).
9. Ibid.
10. Curts and Frizzell; Thomas P.M. Barnett, “The Seven Deadly Sins of
Network-Centric Warfare,” Proceedings 125, no. 1151 (1999), ; David S. Alberts and Richard E. Hayes, Power to the Edge: Command
… Control … in the Information Age (Washington, DC: Command and Control
Research Program, 2003), 58; Collins, 6-7.
11. Money, 1; DOD, Network Centric Warfare: Department of Defense Report
to Congress (27 July 2001), 1-1. .
12. Cebrowski and Garstka.
13. Daniel Gonzales, Michael Johnson, Jimmie McEver, Dennis Leedom, Gina
Kingston, Michael S. Tseng, report prepared for the Office of Force Transformation in
the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Network-Centric Operations Case Study: The
Stryker Brigade Combat Team (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2005), 61-99.
14. Ibid., 105.
15. N. Au, Eric W.T. Ngai, T.C.E. Cheng, “Extending the Understanding of End
User Information Systems Satisfaction Formation: An Equitable Needs Fulfillment
Model Approach,” MIS [Management Information Systems] Quarterly 32, no. 1
(2008): 44; Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 6-0 (Washington, DC:
GPO, 17 May 2012), 2-7 to 2-9.
16. ADRP 6-0, 3-10.
17. Office of Force Transformation, 19-20.
18. Jennifer Rowley, “The Wisdom Hierarchy: Representations of the DIKW
Hierarchy,” Journal of Information Science 33, no. 2 (2007): 170-71; Jay F. Nunamaker
Jr., Nicholas C. Romano, and Robert Owen Briggs, “A Framework for Collaboration
and Knowledge Management,” paper presented at the 34th Hawaii International
Conference on Systems Sciences (2001), 3; V. Chiew, “A Software Engineering
Cognitive Knowledge Discovery Framework,” paper published in Proceedings: First
IEEE [Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers] International Conference on
Cognitive Informatics, ICCI 2002 (2002): 1.
19. Nunamaker, Romano, and Briggs: 3; Chiew, 1; JP 1-02, 160.
20. Rowley, 171-72.
21. Nunamaker, Romano, and Briggs, 3.
22. Rowley, 174; Nunamaker, Romano, and Briggs, 3.
23. Carl von Clausewitz, On War, trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989), 102-103.
24. Ibid., 141-42.
25. Ibid., 103.
26. Alberts and Hayes, 153, 76; Nathan Minami and Donna Rhodes, “Network
Centric Operations and the Brigade Unit of Action,” paper presented at the 2007
International Conference of the System Dynamic Society and 50th Anniversary
Celebration, Boston, MA (2007), 11, 13.
27. Jay H. Bernstein, “The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy and
its Antithesis,” paper presented at the 2nd North American Symposium on Knowledge
Organization, Syracuse University, NY (18–19 June, 2009), 73.
28. Gu Jiajun and Xie Fenghua, “The Empirical Research on the Domain Knowledge Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Intuition in Decision Making,” paper
presented at the Second International Symposium on Knowledge Acquisition and
50
Modeling (30 November-1 December 2009), 299; Robert L. Glass, “Intuition’s Role in
Decision Making,” Software, IEEE 25, no. 1 (2008): 95.
29. Gary Klein, Brian Moon, and Robert R. Hoffman, “Making Sense of
Sensemaking 1: Alternative Perspectives,” IEEE Intelligent Systems (2006): 70.
30. Office of Force Transformation, The Implementation of Network-Centric
Warfare, 20.
31. P.F. Sass and L. Gorr, “Communications for the Digitized Battlefield
of the 21st Century,” Communications Magazine, IEEE 33, no. 10 (1995): 87.
32. Ibid., 91; Paul Sass, “Communications Networks for the Force XXI
Digitized Battlefield,” Mobile Networks and Applications 4 (1999): 140, 42.
33. Minami and Rhodes, 3-4; Gonzales et al., 30-36.
34. This is a generalization of the different tactical Internets for command
and control. Small units on an increasingly frequent basis have satellite access,
and a higher headquarters can use terrestrial line-of-sight systems; Wilson,
33; Gonzales et al., 65.
35. Gregory A. Goodwin and David R. James, Decision Making With Digital
Systems (Arlington, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and
Social Sciences, 2009), 1.
36. Ibid., 18, 23; Brooke B. Schaab, J. Douglas Dressel, and Peter B.
Hayes, Training Requirements of Digital System Operators in a Stryker Brigade
Combat Team (Arlington, VA: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral
and Social Sciences, 2005), vii, 8, 13; Collins, 2, 5-9; Army Digital Education
Survey (Kandahar, Afghanistan: 5/2 ID [SBCT], forthcoming), 7, 10, 21-22.
37. DongBack Seo, Albert Boonstra, and Marjolein Offenbeek, “Managing
IS Adoption in Ambivalent Groups,” Communications of the ACM 54, no. 11
(2011): 72-73; Rhoda C. Joseph, “Individual Resistance to IT Innovations,”
Communications of the ACM 53, no. 4 (2010): 145.
38. Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Staff, Net-Centric Operational Environm