Military Review English Edition March-April 2016 | Page 83

CYBERSECURITY

other five tasks for stability operations identified in
Army Doctrine Publication 3-07, Stability:63
Establish civil security
Establish civil control
Restore essential services
Support to governance
Support to economic and infrastructure development
Secure cyberspace infrastructure
In cyberspace doctrine, the Joint Staff notes the
importance of integrating cyber efforts with other
stakeholders. In its 2015 Cyber Strategy, the Department
of Defense described “Building alliances, coalitions, and
partnerships abroad” as a fundamental cybersecurity
activity.64 In a June 2015 memorandum, Adm. Michael
Rogers writes, “Cyberspace operations demand unprecedented degrees of joint, interagency, and coalition
collaboration and information sharing, and thus we
will remain trusted partners in collaborating with other
agencies, with allies and friends abroad, with industry,
and with academia.”65 The Joint Staff has identified
profound obstacles to public-private cooperation on
cybersecurity warning,

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Many NGOs are hesitant to become associated with military organizations in any form
of formal relationship, especially in the case
of conducting CO [cyberspace operations],
because doing so could compromise their
status as an independent entity, restrict
their freedom of movement, and even place
their members at risk in uncertain or hostile
permissive environments.66
In building the ISAC/ISAO model, its architects have
sought to surmount such distrust among government,
industry, and NGOs. Though by no means a panacea,
the ISAC/ISAO model offers the Army a framework for
facilitating cooperation in future stability operations.
This is both a current and a future operational imperative. As required, the Army must be ready to restore cybersecurity for the critical infrastructure in a host nation
by coordinating efforts with intergovernmental organizations like ITU, private industry like GSMA members,
and various governmental organizations. To facilitate
necessary collaboration, the ISAC/ISAO model provides
a starting point for future operations.

Maj. Michael Kolton, U.S. Army, is a graduate student at Yale University’s Jackson Institute for Global
Affairs. Kolton is a foreign area officer specializing in China. He previously served as an infantry officer
with deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan. He holds an MA in economics from the University of Hawaii at
Manoa and a BA in economics from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York.

Notes
1. Peter W. Singer and Allan Friedman, Cybersecurity and Cyberwar: What Everyone Needs to Know (London: Oxford University Press, 2014), 13.
2. Joint Publication ( JP) 3-12(R) Cyberspace Operations (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office [GPO], 5 February
2013), v.
3. U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC)
Pamphlet 525-3-1, The U.S. Army Operating Concept: Win in a
Complex World, 2020-2040 (Fort Eustis, VA: TRADOC, 31 October
2014), 11.
4. Joint Chiefs of Staff, National Military Strategy of the United
States 2015, June 2015, 7, accessed 11 December 2015, http://
www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Publications/2015_National_Military_Strategy.pdf.
5. Ibid., 4 and 11.
6. JP 3-12(R), Cyberspace Operations, v; Gregory
Conti, John Nelson and David Raymond, “Towards a Cyber

MILITARY REVIEW  March-April 2016

Common Operating Picture” (presented at 5th International
Conference on Cyber Conflict, Tallinn, Estonia, 4–7 June
2013), vi.
7. JP 3-07, Stability Operations (Washington, DC: U.S. GPO, 29
September 2011), vii.
8. JP 3-12 (R), Cyberspace Operations.
9. “Ebola in Sierra Leone: Which Doctor?” Economist (blog), 19
June 2014, accessed 14 December 2015, http://www.economist.
com/blogs/baobab/2014/06/ebola-sierra-leone.
10. “Online Crisis Management: A Web of Support,”
Economist (blog), 14 July 2011, accessed 14 December
2015, http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/07/
online-crisis-management.
11. John Ribeiro, “Internet Becomes a Lifeline in Nepal after
Earthquake,” Computer World, 25 April 2015, accessed 14 December 2015, http://www.computerworld.com/article/2914641/internet/internet-becomes-a-lifeline-in-nepal-after-earthquake.html.

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