Military Review English Edition March-April 2016 | Page 77
BIASES
16. Karl E. Friedl, “Body Composition and Military Performance—Many Things to Many People,” Journal of Strength and
Conditioning Research 26(suppl 2) ( July 2012): S87–S100.
17. Robert-Paul Juster, Bruce S. McEwen, and Sonia J. Lupien, “Allostatic Load Biomarkers of Chronic Stress and Impact on
Health and Cognition,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 35(1)
(September 2010): 2–16.
18. Scott F. Stoltenberg, Brian D. Batien, and Denis G. Birgenheir, “Does Gender Moderate Associations among Impulsivity and
Health-Risk Behaviors?” Addictive Behaviors 33(2) (February 2008):
252–65.
19. Bruce S. McEwen, Jason D. Gray, and Carla Nasca, “Recognizing Resilience: Learning from the Effects of Stress on the Brain,”
Neurobiology of Stress 1 ( January 2015): 1–11.
20. Richard F. Johnson and Donna J. Merullo, “Friend-Foe Discrimination, Caffeine, and Sentry Duty,” Proceedings of the Human
Factors and Ergonomics Society 43 (September 1999): 1348–52.
21. Friedl, “Biomedical Research.”
22. Karl E. Friedl et al., “Endocrine Markers of Semistarvation
in Healthy Lean Men in a Multistressor Environment,” Journal of
Applied Physiology 88(5) (May 2000): 1820–30.
23. Daniel B. Hier and William F. Crowley Jr., “Spatial Ability
in Androgen-Deficient Men,” New England Journal of Medicine
306(20) (1982): 1202–5.
24. Faye B. Serkin et al., “Combat Urologic Trauma in U.S.
Military Overseas Contingency Operations,” Journal of Trauma
69(suppl 1) (2010) : S175–S78.
25. Timothy B. Weyandt et al., “Semen Analysis of Military Personnel Associated with Military Duty Assignments,” Reproductive
Toxicology 10(6) (November–December 1996): 521–28.
26. Vickie Lewis, Side-by-Side: A Photographic History of American Women in War (New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999),
72–3. (WAAC vignette compiled by Military Review staff.)
27. Judith A. Bellafaire, The Women’s Army Corps: A Commemoration of World War II Service, Center for Military History
Publication 72-15, accessed 1 February 2016, http://www.history.
army.mil/brochures/wac/wac.htm.
28. Rare Historical Photos website, “775 Confirmed Kills
in One Picture, 1945,” 25 January 2015, accessed 2 February
2016, http://rarehistoricalphotos.com/775-confirmed-kills-onepicture-1945/; Mike Markowitz, Defense Media Network.com
website, “Women With Guns: The Red Army Female Snipers of
World War II,” 19 November 2013, accessed 2 February 2016,
http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/women-with-gunsthe-red-army-female-snipers-of-world-war-ii/; and Jim McClennan,
“Russian World War II Girls with Guns,” Girls with Guns website, 1
May 2015, accessed 2 February 2016, http://girlswithguns.org/russian-world-war-ii-girls-with-guns/. (Vignette compiled by MR staff.)
Soviet Army Female Snipers during
World War II
In the photograph at left, Soviet Red Army Lt. Nina
Alexeyevna Lobkovskaya (second row from top, second
from left), commander of a sniper company under the 3rd
Shock Army, 1st Belorussian Front, poses with some of
the snipers under her command, 4 May 1945.
Lobkovskaya joined the Red Army after her father
was killed in combat by the Germans. In 1942, seventeen-year-old Lobkovskaya attended nine months of training in Moscow at the Central Women