Military Review English Edition March-April 2016 | Page 28

15. Quran 5:9, Muhammad Mahmud Ghali, trans., in Towards
Understanding the Ever-Glorious Quran (Cairo: Dar An-Nashr
Liljamiat, 2008). “Allah has promised the ones who have believed
and done deeds of righteousness (that) they will have forgiveness
and a magnificent reward.” All English citations to the Quran are
from Ghali.
16. Quran, 2:25, 4:13, 10:9, 52:20, and 56:22; Hans-Wehr Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, s.v. “houri”: “virgin of paradise.”
17. Muhammed Ibn Ismaiel Al-Bukhari, The Translation of the
Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari, trans. Muhammad Muhsin Khan
(Riyadh: Darussalam, 1997), Vol. 4, Book 56, 63.
18. Quran, 32:5, 70:4, 55:43–44, and 99:1.
19. Sahih Muslim, Book 41, hadith 6924, accessed 22 January
2016, http://www.searchtruth.com/. “Abu Hurrairah reported
Allah’s Messenger as saying: ‘The Last Hour would not come until
the Romans would land at al-Amaq or in Dabiq.’” The majority of
Dabiq citations normally are from Bukhari, whose hadith collection is considered to be one of the most reliable. Bukhari’s hadith
collection, however, makes no mention of a place named Dabiq.
20. Quran 57:3. The final day is referred to as al youm al Akhir.
21. Nabia Abbott, Two Queens of Baghdad: Mother and Wife of
Harun al-Rashid (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1946),
vii, accessed 20 January 2016, http://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/two_queens_baghdad.pdf.
22. Ibid., 162.
23. Sykes, The Caliphs’ Last Heritage, 221.
24. An unnamed critic of Mohammad, in Sayyid Qutb, In the
Shade of the Qur’an (New Delhi: Islamic Book Service, 2001), 322.
25. Muir, The Life of Mohammad, 25.
26. Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
(New York: Modern Library, 2003), 933–34. Other sources
confirm four daughters, but accounts vary on the number of sons
who died.
27. Muir, Life of Mohammad, 481. Mohammad and his companion, Bishr, were given meat from a woman in the Jewish village
of Kheiber. While Mohammad did not swallow the meat, he said
it tasted strange and asked the woman if she poisoned him. She
said she did, for if he ate the meat and survived, she would know
he was a prophet. Bishr died after eating the meat. See also Ibn
Kathir, trans. Trevor Le Gassick, The Life of the Prophet Muhammad:
Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya, Vol. III, (Lebanon: Garnet, 2005), 286. On his
deathbed, Mohammad mentioned the poisoned meat as the cause
of his affliction.
28. Conversation between the author and a Muslim military
officer attending a U.S. military school in 2012. He made the
statement after I mentioned that the ninth sura was missing the bismillah. After checking his Quran, he said that he learned something
about his religion.
29. “The Return of the Khilafah,” Dabiq 1, Ramadan 1435 [ July
2014], 11, accessed 3 January 2016, http://media.clarionproject.
org/files/09-2014/isis-isil-islamic-state-magazine-Issue-1-the-return-of-khilafah.pdf.
30. El-Badawy, Comerford, and Welby, Inside the Jihadi Mind, 5.
31. Ibid.
32. Masood Farivar, Confessions of a Mullah Warrior (New
York: Grove Press, 2009), 97.
33. Quran 2:1.
34. Quran 108.
35. Hassan Hassan, “Book Discussion on ISIS,” C-SPAN, 12
March 2015, accessed 19 January 2016, http://www.c-span.org/
video/?324789-1/hassan-hassan-isis-inside-army-terror.
26

36. William Muir, The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall (Oxford: The Religious Tract Society, 1891), 60, accessed 28 January
2016, https://books.google.com/books?id=jQZBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false. “The persistent opposition of the Christian Bedouins now
led Khalid into an unwise severity that embittered them against
him. Their leader was beheaded in front of the city walls, and
every adult male of the garrison led forth and put to death; while
the women and children were made over to the soldiers or sold
into slavery.”
37. Muir, The Life of Mohammad, 375.
38. Washington Irving, Lives of the Successors of Mahomet
(Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, 1850), 147.
39. Ibn Ishaq, The Life of Muhammad, trans. A. Guillaume
(Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2011), 292.
40. Ibid., 514.
41. Lorenzo Vidino and Seamus Hughes, ISIS in America: From
Retweets to Raqqa (Washington, DC: George Washington University, Program on Extremism, December 2015), 23, accessed 20
January 2016, https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/ISIS%20in%20America%20-%20Full%20Report.pdf. Vidino
and Hughes also mention avatars of lions and green birds.
42. William McCants, “How ISIS Got Its Flag,” Atlantic online, 22 September 2015, accessed 20 January 2016,
http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/09/
isis-flag-apocalypse/406498/.
43. Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History,
trans. Franz Rosenthal (Princeton: Princeton University Press,
2005), 169.
44. Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou, “The Islamic
State’s First Year,” Al-Monitor online, 25 June 2015, accessed 20
January 2016, http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse.
45. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, in his first and only public appearance and sermon in Arabic, translated into English, in Q&A with
Jessica Stern, C-SPAN, 24 March 2015, accessed 20 January 2016,
http://www.c-span.org/video/?324982-1/qa-jessica-stern. Abu
Bakr al-Baghdadi says, “A fter long years of jihad and perseverance
fighting the enemies of Allah, Allah has enabled them to accomplish their goal. Thus, they hastened to declare the establishment
of their Caliphate and the appointment of an imam. This is a duty
incumbent among Muslims …. Muslims who ignore this duty are
committing a sin.”
46. Quran 2:30 and 38:26.
47. Nabih Amin Faris, “Khalifa or Khaliqa,” The Moslem World,
Khalifa or Khaliqa XXIV (2) (April 1934), 183. The only way to
tell the difference between khalifa and khaliqa in Arabic is by the
number of dots that appear over the characters equivalent to
“f” and “q.” Since the Arabic alphabet lacks short vowels, diacritic
markings were added later, as there was often confusion about the
meaning of words.
48. Quran 38:26.
49. “The Return of the Khilafah,” Dabiq 1, Ramadan 1435 [ July
2014], 29, accessed 20 January 2016, http://media.clarionproject.
org/files/09-2014/isis-isil-islamic-state-magazine-Issue-1-the-return-of-khilafah.pdf. Dabiq was silent regarding Quranic authority
to support the creation of the caliphate or the Muslim duty to
pledge allegiance to the caliph. Instead, Daesh relied on hadith.
50. “The Return of the Khilafah,” Dabiq 1, 29.
51. Statement by Daesh spokesman al Adnani, 22 September
2014, cited in El-Badawy, Comerford, and Welby, Inside the Jihadi
Mind, 35.
March-April 2016  MILITARY REVIEW