Military Review Edición Hispano-americana Enero-Febrero 2014 | Page 15

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Referencias Bibliográficas
1. The Russian General Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War: How a Superpower
Fought and Lost, trans. and ed. Lester W. Grau y Michael A. Gress (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2002), p.1.
2. Rubin, Barnett R., The Fragmentation of Afghanistan: State Formation
and Collapse in the International System (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 1995), p. 146.
3. The Russian General Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War, págs., 12, 20, y 27.
4. Gates, Bob, citado en el libro de Christopher Andrew y Vasili Mitrokhin titulado, The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle
for the Third World (New York: Basic Books, 2006), p. 415; The Russian
General Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War, págs., 32-33.
5. Ver Giustozzi, Antonio, War, Politics, and Society in Afghanistan
(Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2000), p. 271; Urban,
Mark, War in Afghanistan (New York: St. Martins Press, 1990), p. 317;
y http://www.scribd.com/doc/6737621/Soviet-Losses-in-Afghanistan
(accesado el 4 de diciembre de 2011)
6. Grau, Lester W., “Breaking Contact Without Leaving Chaos: The Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan,” The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
20, no. 2 (junio de 2007): p. 237.
7. Otros 14.100 soldados se alistaron en el ejército en 1985. Ver Giustozzi, War, Politics, and Society in Afghanistan, p. 266; The Russian General
Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War, págs., 12, 20, y 27; y Oliker, Olga, Building
Afghanistan’s Security Forces in Wartime: The Soviet Experience (Santa
Monica, CA: Rand Arroyo Center, 2011), págs., 26, 33 y 61.
8. Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, p. 133.
9. Oliker, Building Afghanistan’s Security Forces in Wartime, p. 31.
10. Ibíd., p. 47. Leaving the Graveyard Summer 2012, p. 53
11. Kalinovsky, Artemy M., A Long Goodbye: The Soviet Withdrawal from
Afghanistan (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011), p. 100.
12. El tipo de cambio usado en este artículo es del año 1985: 60.72
afganis = 1 rublo y 50,6 Afganis = 1 dólar estadounidense; Giustozzi,
War, Politics, and Society in Afghanistan, p. 233.
13. Marshall, Alex, “Managing Withdrawal: Afghanistan as the
Forgotten Example in Attempting Conflict Resolution and State Reconstruction,” Small Wars and Insurgencies 18, no. 1 (abril de 2007): p. 71.
14. Kalinovsky, A Long Goodbye, p. 89.
15. Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, p. 146.
16. Kalinovsky, A Long Goodbye, p. 99.
17. Oliker, Building Afghanistan’s Security Forces in Wartime, págs, 7181; Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, p. 156.
18. Oliker, Building Afghanistan’s Security Forces in Wartime, p. 43.
19. The Russian General Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War, págs, 32-33
20. Ibíd., p. 331.
21. Ekedahl, Carolyn y Goodman, Melvin, The Wars of Eduard Shevardnadze (State Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997), p. 189.
22. Giustozzi, War, Politics, and Society in Afghanistan, p. 271; Urban,
War in Afghanistan, p. 317; y http://www.scribd.com/doc/6737621/
Soviet-Losses-in-Afghanistan (accesado el 4 de diciembre de 2011).
23. Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, págs, 161-165.
24. Kalinovsky, A Long Goodbye, págs, 113-114.
25. Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, págs, 146-147; Marshall,
“Managing Withdrawal,” p. 73.
26. Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, p. 147.
27. Kalinovsky, A Long Goodbye, p. 122.
28. Kalinovsky, Artemy “Old Politics, New Diplomacy: The Geneva
Accords and the Soviet Withdrawal from Afghanistan,” Cold War History
8, no. 3 (agosto de 2008): p. 388.
29. Oliker, Building Afghanistan’s Security Forces in Wartime, págs, 26,
33 y 61.
30. U.S. Department of the Army, Counterinsurgency, Army Field Manual 3-24, (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Army, 2006), págs,

Military Review • Enero-Febrero 2014

1-13; Steven M. Goode, “A Historical Basis for Force Requirements in
Counterinsurgency,” Parameters 39, no. 4 (invierno de 2009-2010): p. 51.
31. The Russian General Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War, págs, 33-34.
32. Kalinovsky, A Long Goodbye, p. 130.
33. Giustozzi, War, Politics, and Society in Afghanistan, p. 271; Urban,
War in Afghanistan, p. 317; y http://www.scribd.com/doc/6737621/
Soviet-Losses-in-Afghanistan (accesado el 4 de diciembre de 2011).
34. Rubin, The Fragmentation of Afghanistan, págs, 161-165.
35. Jones, Seth In the Graveyard of Empires: America’s War in Afghanistan (New York: W.W. Norton, 2009), xxv-xxviii.
36. Marshall, “Managing Withdrawal”, p. 76.
37. Ekedahl y Goodman, The Wars of Eduard Shevardnadze, p. 188.
38. Grau, “Breaking Contact Without Leaving Chaos”, p. 239.
39. The Russian General Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War, págs, 28-29.
40. Grau, “Breaking Contact Without Leaving Chaos”, p. 247.
41. The Russian General Staff, The Soviet-Afghan War, págs, 28-29 y
88-89.
42. Grau, “Breaking Contact Without Leaving Chaos”, p. 257.
43. Giustozzi, War, Politics, and Society in Afghanistan) p. 271; Urban,
War in Afghanistan, p. 317; y http://www.scribd.com/doc/6737621/
Soviet-Losses-in-Afghanistan (accesado el 4 de diciembre de 2