Maximum Yield USA 2016 June | Page 92

POWDERY MILDEW mildew spores are transported “Powdery through the air and land on plant surfaces and lay in wait for the perfect environmental conditions for reproduction.” air humidity is low. For example, an outdoor gardener who waters the garden in the evening is physically putting moisture on the leaf surfaces, so even if the air humidity is low, the necessary ingredient for fungal growth—water— has been artificially introduced. Powdery mildew spores are transported through the air and land on plant surfaces and lay in wait for the perfect environmental conditions for reproduction. In general, spore germination occurs at the 60-64˚F range with high humidity, or leaf surface moisture. At this stage, mycelium (tube-shaped structures), grow out from the spores. Root-like structures called haustoria burrow into the plant surface and extract nutrients. Stalk-like structures called conidia grow out of the mycelium and new spores stack up like loosely connected balloons. These new live spores need only a bit of warm wind and they burst off and float through the air. The ideal environment for powdery mildew spores to spread is warm, dry, breezy conditions. So even the most perfect conditions of low humidity and warm, breezy air spreads existing mildew spores all over. In fact, what we think of as perfect conditions are actually necessary to spread spores, which then land on plant surfaces and wait for just the right temperature and moisture to start reproducing again. And herein lies the problem. 90 Maximum Yield USA  | June 2016