Maximum Yield USA 2015 January | Page 94

the science of sweet Before the development of refined sugar, if you wanted something sweet, you had limited options. Either you needed access to honey, or more likely, you used fresh or dried fruit. In fact, that brick of fruitcake in the back of your freezer is an excellent example of old-style English baking that used the concentrated sugars, fructose and glucose in dried fruit to sweeten cakes and pies back when fruit was one of the few sources of sugar available. This is an example of the value of fruit in the human diet. It’s everywhere, from our morning juice to the flavorings we love in ice cream and yogurt. It’s sweet and full of nutrients, too. Ethylene is so essential to ripening it has been nicknamed the senescence hormone." Maximum Yield USA  |  January 2015 Ethylene Gas and Ripening The process that ripens fruits and vegetables is actually pretty complex, and even today some aspects of plant development and fruiting are not completely understood. We do know ethylene is one of the biggest contributors to ripening. Increasing concentrations of this hormone, a hydrocarbon gas, signal cells to enter senescence, the ripening phase of development (from the Latin for “growing old”). Ethylene is so essential to ripening it has been nicknamed the senescence hormone. You’ve probably used it yourself to artificially ripen slightly green tomatoes or rock-hard avocados by placing them near fruits like apples and bananas that release high concentrations of ethylene. A number of contributing factors can trigger plants to release increased levels of ethylene gas and encourage fruiting, including high temperatures, injuries to the plant, harvesting of the fruit (in some instances) and even the presence of some types of micro-organisms. Vermicompost is generated by the decomposition of organic substances by worms, with the final compost containing essential elements. 92 You may take it for granted, but wholesome, plump fruit doesn’t happen by accident.