MAL 19/17 (MARKETING AFRICA) | Page 40

LEADERSHIP STRATEGY AND BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT By Dr. Kellen Kiambati J ones and Hill (2009) define strategy as a set of actions that managers take to increase their company’s performance relative to rivals. Strickland, Thompson & Gamble (2010) view strategy as management’s action plan for running the business and conducting operations. It is all about how management intends to grow the business, build a loyal clientele and outcompete rivals, how each functional piece of the business for instance, R & D, supply chain activities, production, sales and marketing, distribution, finance and human resources will be operated and how performance will be boosted. They argue that the heart and soul of any strategy are the actions and moves in the marketplace that managers are taking to improve the company’s financial performance, strengthen its long term competitive position and gain a competitive edge over rivals. Pearce and Robinson (2011) states that the environment of a company is what gives the company its means of ‘‘ Pearce and Robinson (2011) states that the environment of a company is what gives the company its means of survival. It creates opportunities and it presents threats to the company. Although the future can never be predicted perfectly, it is important that entrepreneurs and managers try to analyze their environment as carefully as they can in order to anticipate and if possible influence environmental change.’’ 38 MAL 19/17 ISSUE survival. It creates opportunities and it presents threats to the company. Although the future can never be predicted perfectly, it is important that entrepreneurs and managers try to analyze their environment as carefully as they can in order to anticipate and if possible influence environmental change. Internal analysis, a component of the strategic planning process, serves to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. It focuses on reviewing the resources, capabilities and competencies. An industry can be defined as a group of companies offering products or services that are close substitutes for each other, that is, products or services that satisfy the same basic customer needs. A company’s market consists of close competitors and its rivals that serve the same basic customer needs. The external environment in an organization context refers to conditions, entities, events, and factors surrounding an organization that influence its activities and choices and determine its opportunities and risks. Macro-