MAL 11/16 | Page 68

GYN CHRONICLES CAESEREAN SECTION By Dr. Maureen Owiti I have been doodling and agonizing on what to write about in my maiden column and finally got inspiration from a discussion we recently had about Caeserean Sections (CS). I would like this column to be interactive so if you have any issues or questions don’t hesitate to ventilate I will respond individually and in subsequent issues. So what is this animal called a Caeserean Section? Put simply it’s an operation that involves making a cut on the lower abdomen or belly and uterus to deliver the baby. Historically people think the name is derived from the birth of Julius Caesar via CS but as his mother survived the operation it’s unlikely that was the case. A CS was a death sentence to the mother until recent improvements in healthcare such as Flemming’s great innovation penicillin and a new bright era of antibiotics plus, all the wonderful things done by my favorite colleagues anaethesiologists together with pharmacologists, made it safe. Worldwide, figures for 2013 show that approximately 23 million Caesars are performed annually. These figures are mind blowing so it means practically if you haven’t had a CS yourself you should at least know someone who has had one. Why do we perform Caeserean Sections? Well a very interesting question! Remember when we have an expectant mum issues can arise in her, her baby, the placenta or there could be a problem with the progress of her labor. “Why do we perform Caeserean Sections? Well a very interesting question! Remember when we have an expectant mum issues can arise in her, her baby, the placenta or there could be a problem with the progress of her labor.” 66 MAL 11/16 ISSUE The most common cause of CS is Cephalo-Pelvic Disproportion CPD. Basically this is when either the mother’s pelvis is smaller than expected so a normal sized baby cannot pass through her birth canal or the baby is just too big: Those wonderful 4000g and above babies we are now having as first time mums. It’s noteworthy that all first time mums are put through a trial of labor. Previously we would check the pelvis and conclude that the woman cannot have a vaginal birth but a fantastic study performed in South Africa proved that this strategy was not good as a good number of women who would have been labeled as being CPD (small pelvis) delivered vaginally and others who should have had vaginal deliveries and were not CPD ended up with a CS. Another common reason is an abnormal presentation or lie such as breech or transverse lie. Breech is when the baby is coming legs or buttocks first instead of the baby’s head and transverse is when the baby is lying across the uterus and if labor progresses an arm prolapse can occur.