LIBERTY LEGAL JOURNAL Spring/Summer 2016 | Page 8

BOOK REVIEW: ERIC NELSON’S THE ROYALIST REVOLUTION by Mark Steven Osborne In 1776, a band of American rebels launched a revolution, forever separating the American colonies from the tyranny of the British crown. At least, that is the history lesson that American schoolchildren have been taught for generations regarding the founding of the United States of America. But is that the whole story? Eric Nelson challenges the traditional “rebel versus king” viewpoint of the American Revolution in his book, The Royalist Revolution: Monarchy and the American Founding.1 In his book, Nelson posits that the American colonies rebelled not against an imperial British monarchy, but against an overreaching British Parliament. In The Royalist Revolution, Nelson maintains that it was the Glorious Revolution of 1688 that enabled the British Parliament to engage in these “encroachments.”6 In 1688, Parliament, eager to assert its supremacy over the British monarchy, claimed legislative dominion over the American colonies.7 When Parliament began to legislate for the colonies, which had already formed their own legislatures, the colonists responded with the Boston Tea Party and the poetic refrain—“no taxation without representation.”8 While the “patriot royalist” theory proffered by Nelson has some The Royalist Revolution is Nelson’s latest basis in fact, the theory is plagued by inconFor modern day American work in a series of books on the foundsistencies that cast doubt on its validity. For ing of America. The founding of America legislators and legal scholars, this instance, Nelson describes Thomas Jefferson is often portrayed as if all the Founding provides a revived appreciation as being a “patriot royalist” in the lead-up to Fathers had the same ideology and the the revolution based upon Jefferson’s assertion of the multiplicity of motives that the colonies were accountable to the king same goals for a new nation. Nelson’s book series offers a different perspective. and not to Parliament—an assertion that in and goals that spawned the essence rejected Parliamentary authority to American Revolution. For instance, in his book, The Hebrew Republegislate for the colonies.9 But the Declaration lic, Nelson points to the oft-overlooked influence of Jewish Scrip- of Independence, written by Jefferson, lists grievances against the tures and covenant theology on the American political conscience.2 king, not Parliament.10 So it is not unreasonable to conclude that In The Greek Tradition in Republican Thought, Nelson explores the many of the architects of the American Revolution were looking influence of ancient Greek thought on Whig political theory.3 to throw off monarchy. In his third book, The Royalist Revolution, Nelson delves deeper into the motivations for the American Revolution. In this book, Nelson explores the influence of “patriot royalism” on the American Revolution and the subsequent founding of the nation. The “patriot royalism” theory maintains that a significant faction of American patriots were really “royalists” who objected, not to the British monarchy, but to an overreaching British Parliament.3 Indeed, contrary to the traditional portrayal of American colonists rebelling against the cruel oppressor, King George III, Nelson presents a picture of American “patriot royalists” attempting to restore the supremacy of the Stuart monarchy—a supremacy displaced by the British Parliament.4 In fact, according to Nelson, the American Revolution was launched not against King George III, but rather against the encroachments of an overzealous British Parliament.5 page 8 | LIBERTY LEGAL JOURNAL | SPRING/SUMMER 2016 Furthermore, in a misguided attempt to spotlight the royalist sympathies that supposedly existed among the American patriots, Nelson overstates his case by offering a timeline that is less than persuasive. He describes a fickle patriot faction that first embraces royalism, then rejects royalism, and then embraces it again in 1787 with the signing of the United States Constitution.11 Despite its shortcomings, The Royalist Revolution provides valuable insight into the founding of America. First, Nelson reminds his readers that the Framers shared neither a single ideology nor the same goals in pursuing independence from Great Britain. For modern day American legislators and legal scholars, this provides a revived appreciation of the multiplicity of motives and goals that spawned the American Revolution.