Leadership magazine Nov/Dec 2018 V48 No. 2 | Page 8

The relationships that build noise Impact of peer relationships in the classroom, Impact of peer-to-peer interactions in the classroom, Reaching achievement through peer-to-peer collaboration 8 Leadership It is widely known that building a culture of positive relationships through peer-to-peer interactions in a classroom is something that should be embedded throughout the delivery of content. Educa- tors understand the importance of teacher- to-student relationships as this may bring a “compelling protective factor” when these relationships include support, care, and commitment (Hansen, 2018). However, when we talk about peer-to-peer interac- tions, we hardly discuss what the actual impact of peer interactions has on achieve- ment, and we usually don’t discuss what these interactions actually look like as we walk into a classroom. In this era of Common Core Standards, where students are expected to collaborate and learn together, it is imperative that educational leaders not only validate that peer-to-peer interactions actually correlate to mathematics achievement but also know how these positive relationships should look in a classroom. Positive peer-to-peer inter- actions have particular positive outcomes specifically for students of color. The shifts in California student demographics show that our classrooms are intricately diverse. Relationships within schooling experi- ences are an important asset for students of color and from low-income households (Espinoza, 2011; Stanton-Salazar, 2001; Suarez-Orozco, Suarez-Orozco, & To- rodova, 2008). Relationship building and using peer-to-peer interactions as instruc- tional strategies are strategies that can be used across classrooms. I studied two schools that are high per- forming Hispanic-serving institutions. The schools served at least 50% Hispanic students, 50% or more students from low income backgrounds, and had consistently gained in state testing for at least three years. When conducting my study, I had one question in mind; what are the factors that correlate to student achievement in sec- ondary entry-level mathematics? Through classroom observations, analysis of school site plans, and administrator interviews, one of my key findings that correlated to By Paula Madrigal