Complex System Behavior In Democratic Policy Theory
social movements or political revolutionary movements is to change government policies as well as in some cases political institutions . Thus , outsider social movements in all forms whether state centered or not or both is also tied to political institutions significantly enacting and implementing significantly different public policies . Figure 4 provides for this multifaceted approach by linking outside social movements and revolutionary movements with insider political institutions of state decision-making .
Comparative and Complex Democratic Policymaking Process
The right side of Figure 4 provides an overview of how the nested complex policy process operates in terms of democratic policy outputs and outcomes . Emergent and complex factors from the policy environment including natural forces of the universe , natural processes on earth and complex and human interactions continually impact the nature and functioning of democratization in the policy process . Insider political institutions including executive , legislative , judicial , and public agency formal and informal policy decision making interact with outside forces of advocacy and change . These outsider forces include : crises , catastrophes , social movements , political revolution , direct democracy initiative , referendum , and recall votes , and a competitive and free press . Insider influences on the political institutions also include the impact of fair and competitive multiparty elections , interest groups , citizens , regimes , and policy subsystems . From this complex and interactive policy system come the enactment and implementation of policy outputs and outcomes that may be more or less democratic .
The nested policy system , itself , as well as within the policy system engages in positive and negative feedback loops . Negative policy feedback is defined as a democratic policy output or outcome that becomes less significant on the policy system . Positive feedback is when a policy
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