The Four Dimensions of Complexity
the characterization of wicked problems , Dörner ( 1996 ) observed and delineated seven attributes that contribute to the complexity of wicked problems .
This study asserts that these seven attributes lead to four dimensions of complexity : chaos theory , complexity theory , paradox theory , and the concept of time . Time is considered the fourth and foremost dimension . Time is a central aspect of policymaking and problem solving . It is senseless to think rigid strategies conceived at the beginning of resolving wicked problems can endure the entire span of time of the resolution process . It is equally senseless to think haphazard patchwork policy solutions work . The effect of time is an emergent dimension of poverty in the U . S . Twentieth century problems required deductive reasoning and analysis , where the formal logic was to break problems into parts in order to find a solution . Wicked problems require twenty-first century strategies , abductive reasoning , diagnostics , and synthesis ( Dörner , 1996 ). Framing as a resolution approach to wicked problems provides these essential elements .
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