Policy and Complex Systems
1,600-Trade – Drought 1785 1,600 100 1786 1,960 99.902
1787 |
2,009 |
99.8016 |
1788 |
2,059.23 |
99.6986 |
1789 2,110.71 99.5931
1790 |
2,163.47 |
99.4849 |
1791 |
2,217.56 |
99.374 |
1792 |
2,273 |
99.2604 |
1793 |
2,329.82 |
99.1439 |
1794 2,388.07 99.0245
1795 |
2,447.77 |
98.9021 |
1796 |
2,508.97 |
98.7766 |
1797 2,571.69 98.648
1798 |
2,635.98 |
98.5162 |
1799 |
2,701.88 |
98.3811 |
1800 |
2,769.43 |
98.2427 |
1801 |
2,838.66 |
98.1007 |
1802 2,909.63 97.9553
1803 |
2,982.37 |
97.8061 |
1804 |
3,056.93 |
97.6533 |
1805 3,133.35 97.4966
1806 |
3,211.69 |
97.336 |
1807 |
3,291.98 |
97.1714 |
1808 |
3,374.28 |
97.0027 |
1809 |
3,458.64 |
96.8298 |
1810 3,545.1 96.6525
1811 |
3,633.73 |
96.4709 |
1812 |
3,724.57 |
48.1423 |
1813 3,817.69 47.9514
1814 |
3,913.13 |
47.7558 |
1815 |
4,010.96 |
47.5552 |
1816 |
4,111.23 |
47.3497 |
1817 |
4,214.01 |
47.139 |
1818 4,319.36 46.923
1819 |
4,427.35 |
46.7016 |
1820 |
4,538.03 |
46.4747 |
1821 4,651.48 46.2422
1822 |
4,767.77 |
46.0038 |
1823 |
4,886.96 |
45.7594 |
1824 5,009.14 45.509 to yield the Zulu military successes of the successes might have been and whatever the objectives of the Zulu military endeavors might have been . There was no single factor that caused the Mfecane . Eldredge ( 2001 ) was correct in her assessment that “ There is no simple , monocausal explanation for these disruptions … ( p . 125 ).” Rather , the Mfecane was an emergent quality of interacting elements — particularly true if the environment is viewable as a contributing agent .
References
Axelrod , R . ( 1997 ). Advancing the Art of Simulation in the Social Sciences . In R . Conte , R . Hegselmann , & P . Terno Simulating Social Phenomena . ( 24-28 ). Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer-Verlag .
Borshchev , A . ( 2013 ). The Big Book of |
Simulation |
Modeling . |
Chicago : |
North |
America . |
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Brandy , D . I . ( 1977 ). The Ecology of Livestock Production in Natal and Zululand : Production and Reproduction in the Zulu Kingdom . Pietermaritzburg , South Africa : Department of Historical and Political Studies , University of Natal .
Bryant , A . T . ( 1929 ). Olden Times In Zululand and Natal : Containing Earlier Political History of the Eastern-Nguni Clans . London : Longman , Greens and Co .
Bryant , A . T . ( 1964 ). A History of the Zulu and Neighbouring Tribes . Capetown , South Africa : C . Struik , Africana Specialist and Publisher .
Carlean , K . ( 1992 ). Myths of the Mfecane and South African Educational Texts : A Critique .
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