Journal on Policy & Complex Systems Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2014 | Page 55

Realizing Complex Policy
Bespoke
Evolutionary
Emergent
Decision-making Philosophy
Deductive
Deductive
Both inductive and deductive
Design
Full detail design
Full detailed design using
High-level vision
multiple cycles
Level of certainty
High
High
Low
Level of change
Low
Low
High
Integration
Full integration
Full integration
Umbrella systems integration systems with loose component integration
Governance
Direct supervision
Direct supervision
Stewardship
Implemented
Through the formal bureaucratic structure
Through the formal bureaucratic structure
Through multiple agents the policyowner has limited , if any , direct control
Empowerment
Centralized control
Centralized control
Empowered agents
Delivery
Through the formal bureaucratic structure
Through the formal bureaucratic structure
Through multiple agents the policyowner has limited , if any , direct
Innovation in delivery
First time right Incremental improvement
Options : first time right , or staged delivery with incremental improvements control Ongoing innovation by agents
Outcomes Standardized Standardized Can vary across agents
Table 4 . Comparison of Policy Strategies
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