Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 51-4inkOmslag | Page 68

A. van Ommeren et al.
302
Fig. 4. Representation of a typical example of total movement duration, absolute duration of movement phases and movement execution with
and without the glove.
(IQR, 25–75 th percentile). Due to the small sample size, dif-
ferences between performance with and without the ironHand
glove were non-parametrically tested for all kinematic variables
using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Effects were considered
significant for α ≤ 0.05. No correction for multiple testing was
applied, since the nature of the study was explorative (29). Ef-
fect sizes were calculated ( indicating a small (r ≤ 0.3), medium
(0.3 > r < 0.5) or large (r ≥ 0.5) effect. IBM SPSS Statistics 23
was used for the statistical analysis.
Phase ”Grasping”, s
Participants
Eight adults between 59 and 79 years old participated
in this study (Table I). All participants experienced
difficulties in performing daily activities due to he-
terogeneous diseases that affect hand function. Six
Table II. Values of kinematic variables without and with the glove
Total movement time, s
Phase ”Reach-with-object”, s
Phase ”Releasing object”, s
Phase ”Final reach”’, s
Total movement time (%)
Phase ”Grasping”
Phase ”Reach-with-object”
Phase ”Releasing object”
Phase ”Final reach”
Movement smoothness (NMU)
Peak velocity, m/s
Maximum hand opening, m
Maximum trunk displacement, m
Joint excursion, °
Elbow excursion
RESULTS
Maximum elbow extension angle
Wrist flexion-extension excursion
www.medicaljournals.se/jrm
Without glove
Median (IQR)
With glove
Median (IQR)
n Weight, g p-value Effect size 8
8
7
8
8 8
8
8
8 Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy 0.33
0.09
0.50
0.12
0.12
0.48
0.07
0.33
0.07
0.07 –0.25
–0.42
–0.18
–0.38
–0.38
0.18
–0.46
–0.25
–0.46
–0.46 7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
7
5
8
8
8
8
8
7 Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy 0.74
0.05
0.58
0.04
0.26
0.58
0.58
0.26
0.61
0.79
0.01
0.16
0.05
0.07
0.40
0.24 –0.09
–0.49
–0.14
0.53
–0.28
–0.14
–0.14
–0.28
–0.14
–0.09
0.63
0.35
–0.49
–0.42
–0.21
0.32 6.88 (4.85–9.56)
10.54 (8.61–16.38)
38.03 (29.17–41.57)
35.15 (32.66–45.68)
12.13 (7.30–15.25)
15.11 (12.95–27.34)
39.64 (37.69–48.35)
31.22 (29.35–36.92)
4.33 (4.00–6.50)
7.33 (5.67–13.25)
0.91 (0.82–1.09)
0.77 (0.60–0.87)
0.14 (0.13–0.15)
0.14 (0.12–0.15)
0.20 (0.10–0.26)
0.25 (0.12–0.33) 6.35 (5.64–8.15)
13.04 (10.79–17.67)
38.02 (32.79–39.49)
32.23 (29.02–35.91)
13.60 (11.81–15.02)
18.83 (16.31–21.79)
41.95 (37.70–45.62)
36.27 (32.60–40.18)
5.00 (6.00–7.33)
9.33 (4.75–14.17)
0.78 (0.67–0.86)
0.74 (0.62–0.80)
0.15 (0.13–0.16)
0.15 (0.13–0.16)
0.18 (0.10–0.25)
0.25 (0.10–0.28)
7
8
8
8
8
8 Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy
Light
Heavy 0.04
0.09
0.01
0.26
0.16
0.06 0.54
0.42
–0.63
–0.28
0.49
0.69 32.92 (31.70–53.96)
42.58 (30.40–53.88)
122.26 (109.94–135.51)
124.90 (103.94–135.60)
27.03 (23.70–36.62)
34.89 (25.65–43.98) 35.97 (26.62–44.74)
40.60 (28.88–46.26)
123.67 (111.60–137.16)
125.69 (109.25–137.20)
27.61 (18.37–33.32)
26.80 (17.12–37.42)
3.64
4.43
0.25
0.49
1.25
1.64
0.38
0.87
1.49
1.29
(3.04–4.37)
(4.17–5.42)
(0.15–0.35)
(0.39–0.86)
(1.04–1.49)
(1.42–2.00)
(0.26–0.55)
(0.45–1.21)
(1.35–1.63)
(1.24–1.77)
4.22
4.80
0.24
0.65
1.49
1.49
0.50
0.93
1.70
1.64
(3.94–4.54)
(3.96–5.70)
(0.21–0.36)
(0.38–1.00)
(1.14–1.59)
(1.28–1.72)
(0.44–0.68)
(0.65–1.31)
(1.63–1.82)
(1.51–1.90)