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Table II. Description of individual changes in each category of sick leave from before multimodal rehabilitation (MMR) to 1 and 2 years
after MMR; total n  = 7,297
Level of sick leave before MMR (T1) Level of sick leave after MMR T2
T3
1 year after MMR 2 years after MMR
n (%)
n (%)
No sick leave, n  = 2,497 (34) No sick leave
Partial temporary sick leave
Full temporary sick leave and partial permanent sick leave
Full permanent sick leave 1,925 (77)
215 (9)
302 (12)
55 (2)
2,112 (85)
159 (6)
164 (7)
62 (2)
No sick leave
Partial temporary sick leave
Full temporary sick leave and partial permanent sick leave
Full permanent sick leave 636 (38)
727 (43)
288 (17)
34 (2)
903 (54)
543 (32)
188 (11)
51 (3)
No sick leave
Partial temporary sick leave
Full temporary sick leave and partial permanent sick leave
Full permanent sick leave 952
386
734
207
(42)
(17)
(32)
(9)
1,328 (58)
361 (16)
365 (16)
225 (10)
No sick leave
Partial temporary sick leave
Full temporary sick leave and partial permanent sick leave
Full permanent sick leave 171 (21)
53 (6)
76 (9)
536 (64)
254 (30)
91 (11)
111 (13)
380 (46)
Partial sick leave, (temporary and/or permanent),
n  = 1,685 (23)
Full-time temporary sick leave (temporary or mixed
temporary and permanent), n  = 2,279 (31)
Full-time permanent sick leave, n  = 836 (11)
Table III. Percentage and number of men (n  = 1,898) and women (n  =5,399) on each category of sick leave at 1 year before multimodal
rehabilitation (MMR) (T0), before MMR (T1), 1 year after (T2) and at 2 years after MMR (T3)
One year before MMR (T0) a Before MMR (T1) b One year after MMR (T2) c Two years after MMR (T3) d
Level of sick leave Men
% (n) Women
% (n) Men
% (n) Women
% (n) Men
% (n) Women
% (n) Men
% (n)
Women
% (n)
No sick leave 48 (918) 45 (2,440) 36 (674) 34 (1,823) 56 (1,057) 49 (2,627) 67 (1,275)
61 (3,322)
16 (296) 20 (1,089) 19 (356) 25 (1,329) 15 (286) 20 (1,095) 13 (251)
17 (903)
25 (476)
11 (208) 23 (1,243)
12 (627) 35 (672)
10 (196) 30 (1,607)
12 (640) 19 (359)
10 (196) 19 (1,041)
12 (636) 11 (201)
9 (171)
12 (627)
10 (547)
Partial sick leave e
Full sick leave f
Full permanent sick leave
a
T0: 365–273 days prior MMR; b T1: 90–0 days prior to MMR; c T2: 1 year after MMR; d T3: 2 years after MMR; e temporary or permanent; f temporary or mixed
temporary and permanent.
There were no differences between men and women
in categories of sick leave at T0 and at T1 (p = 0.24
and p = 0.69, respectively), at T1 35% of the men and
30% of the women were on full-time sick leave. At
T2 sick-leave benefits decreased more for men than
for women (p < 0.001), e.g. the category full-time sick
leave decreased 16% for men and 11% for women. At
T3 the difference between men and women remained
(p < 0.001) and the category full-time sick leave con-
tinued to decrease, from T2 to T3 (8% for men and
7% for women).
Sick leave before and after policy changes in the
sick-leave benefit system
There were no significant differences between the pa-
tients admitted before policy changes (n = 1,602) and
after policy changes (n = 5,695) with respect to sex,
educational level, depression, pain severity, pain-related
interference or affective distress. Patients admitted after
policy changes were older (p < 0.001), had longer pain
duration (p = 0.006), higher levels of anxiety (p = 0.004)
and reported more life control (p < 0.001) (Table IV).
Significant changes in sick-leave category were found
in both groups (before and after policy changes, respec-
tively) from T1 to T2 to T3 (before (p < 0.001), after
(p < 0.001). The numbers and percentage of patients
per sick-leave category in T1, T2 and T3 for the group
before (2007–08) and the group after (2009–11) policy
changes are described in Table V.
At all time-points the group after policy changes re-
ceived less sick-leave benefits compared with the group
before policy changes T0 (p < 0.001), T1 (p < 0.001), T2
(p < 0.001), T3 (p < 0.001). The percentage of patients
on full-time sick leave was higher in the group before
policy changes (37%) than in the group after policy
changes (30%) and the percentage with no sick leave
in the group before policy changes (26%) was lower
than that of the group after policy changes (37%). At
T3 the percentage with no sick leave increased, in the
group before policy changes to 46% and in the group
after policy changes to 68%.
Return to work after interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation
J Rehabil Med 51, 2019