U. Wijk et al.
Petrini F, et al. Intraneural stimulation elicits discrimina-
tion of textural features by artificial fingertip in intact and
amputee humans. eLife 2016; 5: 1–27.
19. Schofield JS, Evans KR, Carey JP, Hebert JS. Applications of
sensory feedback in motorized upper extremity prosthesis:
a review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 11: 499–511.
20. Ramachandran V. The perception of phantom limbs. The
DO Hebb lecture. Brain 1998; 121: 1603–1630.
21. Björkman A, Wijk U, Antfolk C, Björkman-Burtscher I, Rosén
B. Sensory qualities of the phantom hand map in the residual
forearm of amputees. J Rehabil Med 2016; 48: 365–370.
22. Björkman A, Weibull A, Olsrud J, Ehrsson HH, Rosén B,
Björkman-Burtscher IM. Phantom digit somatotopy: a
functional magnetic resonance imaging study in forearm
amputees. Eur J Neurosci 2012; 36: 2098–2106.
23. Antfolk C, Björkman A, Frank S-O, Sebelius F, Lundborg G,
Rosen B. Sensory feedback from a prosthetic hand based
on air-mediated pressure from the hand to the forearm
skin. J Rehabil Med 2012; 44: 702–707.
24. Antfolk C, D’Alonzo M, Controzzi M, Lundborg G, Rosén
B, Sebelius F, et al. Artificial redirection of sensation from
prosthetic fingers to the phantom hand map on transradial
amputees: vibrotactile versus mechanotactile sensory
feedback. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2013; 21:
112–120.
25. Ehrsson HH, Rosen B, Stockselius A, Ragno C, Kohler
P, Lundborg G. Upper limb amputees can be induced to
experience a rubber hand as their own. Brain 2008; 131:
3443–2452.
26. Zhang D, Xu H, Shull PB, Liu J, Zhu X. Somatotopical feed-
back versus non-somatotopical feedback for phantom digit
sensation on amputees using electrotactile stimulation. J
Neuroeng Rehabil 2015; 12: 1–11.
27. Chai G, Zhang D, Zhu X. Developing non-somatotopic
phantom finger sensation to comparable levels of soma-
totopic sensation through user training with electrotactile
stimulation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017;
25: 469–480.
28. Antfolk C, Balkenius C, Rosén B, Lundborg G, Sebelius F.
SmartHand tactile display: a new concept for providing
sensory feedback in hand prostheses. Scand J Plast Re-
216
www.medicaljournals.se/jrm
constr Surg Hand Surg 2010; 44: 50–53.
29. Weinstein S. Intensive and extensive aspects of tactile
sensitivity as a function of body part, sex and laterality.
Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the
Skin Senses; Tallahassee, FL: Charles C Thomas; 1968.
30. Brennan P, Silman A. Statistical methods for assessing
observer variability in clinical measures. BMJ 1992; 304:
1491–1494.
31. Purves D, Cabeza R, Huettel SA, LaBar KS, Platt ML, Wol-
dorff MG. Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2nd edn.
New York: Sinauer Associates Inc.; 2013.
32. Pusic MV, Ching K, Yin HS, Kessler D. Seven practical
principles for improving patient education: Evidence-based
ideas from cognition science. Paediatr Child Health 2014;
19: 119–122.
33. Russel SS. An overview of adult learning processes. Urol
Nurs 2006; 26: 349–370.
34. Walsh MM, Gluck KA, Gunzelmann G, Jastrzembski T, Krus-
mark M. Evaluating the theoretic adequacy and applied
potential of computational models of the spacing effect.
Cogn Sci 2018; 42: 644–691
35. Cepeda NJ, Pashler H, Vul E, Wixted JT, Rohrer D. Dist-
ributed practice in verbal recall tasks: a review and
quantitative synthesis. Psychol Bull 2006; 132: 354–380.
36. Sisti HM, Glass AL, Shors TJ. Neurogenesis and the spa-
cing effect: learning over time enhances memory and the
survival of new neurons. Learn Mem 2007; 14: 368–375.
37. Kang SHK, Lindsey RV, Mozer MC, Pashler H. Retrieval
practice over the long term: should spacing be expanding
or equal-interval? Psychon Bull Rev 2014; 21: 1544–1550.
38. Roediger HL, Karpicke JD. Test-enhanced learning: taking
memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychol Sci
2006; 17: 249–255.
39. Björkman A, Weibull A, Rosén B, Svensson J, Lundborg G.
Rapid cortical reorganisation and improved sensitivity of
the hand following cutaneous anaesthesia of the forearm.
Eur J Neurosci 2009; 29: 837–844.
40. D’Anna E, Petrini FM, Artoni F, Popovic I, Simanić I, Raspo-
povic S, et al. A somatotopic bidirectional hand prosthesis
with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation based
sensory feedback. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 1–15.