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Y. Zheng et al. activity level and participation level were observed in terms of the active ROM, strength of extensor carpi, upper extremity function, hand function, ADL and general health. In addition, CCFES was superior to NMES in either shortening the course of regaining WD or the recovery of upper extremity function in patients with early-phase stroke. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to thank several people who participated in this study or supported them. We acknowledge Ying Shen for her invaluable technical support. Zhifei Yin, Qiumin Zhou and Hong Hou are also acknowledged for their professional insights on the electrophysiological treatment of stroke. REFERENCES 1. Writing Group Members, Lloyd-Jones D, Adams RJ, Brown TM, Carnethon M, Dai S, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2010 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121: e46–e215. 2. Choo PL, Gallagher HL, Morris J, Pomeroy VM, van Wijck, F. 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