ITALY
Enculturation, acculturation, education and
family
BY SARAH
Enculturation is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surroundingcultureand acquire values and behaviours appropriate or necessary in that culture. It indicates the process of culture transmission from a generation to another. The main features of encuturation are: language learning, family education, adult imitation, behaviour rules, sexual education, joining groups, join a religion. Enculturation is related tosocialization. In some academic fields, socialization refers to the deliberate shaping of the individual. In others, the word may cover both deliberate and informal enculturation.
During teenage the basic personality shapes and becoming older the person can contribute to his society.
Acculturationexplains the process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures. The effects of acculturation can be seen at multiple levels in both interacting cultures. At the group level, acculturation often results in changes to culture, customs, and social institutions. Noticeable group level effects of acculturation often include changes in food, clothing, and language. At the individual level, differences in the way individuals acculturate have been shown to be associated not just with changes in daily behavior, but with numerous measures of psychological and physical well-being. As enculturation is used to describe the process of first-culture learning, acculturation can be thought of as second-culture learning.The concept of acculturation has been studied scientifically since 1918.As it has been approached at different times from the fields of psychology, anthropology, andsociology, numerous theories and definitions have emerged to describe elements of the acculturative process.
Education in its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge, skills, andhabits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of others, but may also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. Education is commonly divided into stages such as preschool, primary school, secondary school and then college, university or apprenticeship.
A right to education has been recognized by some governments. At the global level, Article 13 of the United Nations‘ 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights recognizes the right of everyone to an education. Although education is compulsory in most places up to a certain age, attendance at school often isn’t, and a minority of parents choose home-schooling, e-learning or similar for their children.
Family. In human context, a family is a group of people affiliated by consanguinity, affinity, or co-residence consumption. Members of the immediate family may nclude a spouse, parent, brother and sister, and son and daughter. Members of the extended family may include grandparent, aunt, uncle, cousin, nephew and niece, or sibling-in-law. In most societies the family is the principal institution for the socialization of children.