Jewish Life Digital Edition April 2015 | Page 12

inside story things you never knew you never knew Mitzvah of returning a lost object – Hashavas Aveidah GREEN ISRAEL • Israel’s CO2 emissions are 11.02 per capita, half that of the USA. • Israel’s reverse osmosis facility at Ashkelon is the world’s largest desalination plant. • Over 83% of Israeli homes use solar energy for hot water – the highest percentage in the world. • Israeli scientists have developed a bacteria that ‘eats’ petroleum, helping to clean up oil spills on land and sea. • An Israeli company based on a religious kibbutz is the world’s largest producer of natural pesticides. • Israel is one of two countries in the world whose deserts are shrinking rather than expanding. ISRAEL TRIVIA • The Israeli city of Haifa has one of the smallest subway systems in the world, with a 1.8km track and only four carriages. • Israel’s national bird is the hoopoe. • Israel’s national flower is the Cyclamen Persicum (Persian cyclamen). • Israelis consume the third largest amount of vegetables and sweets in the world. • Israel was the first country to ban underweight models. • Israel has 137 official beaches (but only 273km of coastline). • Israel’s most common street name is Hazait. It means ‘Olive Street’. 8 JEWISH LIFE n ISSUE 83 A stone on a grave It is common practice for Jews to place a stone on a tombstone as a mark of respect for the deceased by showing that their grave has been visited. But, how did this tradition begin? There are several possibilities as to its origins. It may be traced back to Biblical times when graves were simply marked with small stone mounds. Tombstones were not erected during this period, and the mounds helped mark the location of the grave. Essentially, the act of placing small stones on graves served as a way to preserve the gravesite so that as time passed, it could be found again. Alternatively, there is a theory that the purpose of marking graves was so Kohanim should not become imbued with corpse impurity by inadvertently stepping on or bending over a grave. Marking graves thus became a mitzvah. Every person who walked by helped to maintain the grave by adding rocks, so it remained a reliable marker over time. Eventually, someone thought of adding a big rock with the personal information of the deceased. Later, the smaller rocks were cemented together, which made the whole grave more solid and permanent. Many trace the origins of leaving a stone to earlier, spiritual sources. In the Torah and the Psalms, rock is one of the metaphors for Hashem (Tzur Yisroel). By placing a rock on the grave, we acknowledge the omniscience of Hashem in both life and death. Inventive Israel Established in 1976, The Zomet Institute is a non-profit, public research institute dedicated to merging halachic Judaism with modern life. Situated in Alon Shvut, 25km south-west of Jerusalem, the institute comprises rabbis, researchers, engineers and economists who devise practical halachic solutions for businesses, institutions and private individuals. They have developed and implemented technologies that enable products such as metal detectors, security jeeps, elevators, electric wheelchairs and coffee machines to be used on Shabbos, and have developed solutions for, among others, the Israeli Ministry of Health, The Ministry of Defence, Ben Gurion Airport and The Elite Food Corporation. JL text: liz samuels In Parashas Ki Teitzei (Deuteronomy 22:1) we are told “You shall return them to your brother.” This teaches us that if we should discover something that obviously belongs to someone else, and is distinguished by an identifying mark (a siman), you should go out of your way to find out who lost it and return it. If the one who lost it can correctly say where the object was found, or what the object contained, this is also considered a siman. During Temple times, there was a certain stone in Jerusalem that people would stand on to announce that they’d found a lost item. Today in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak, when someone loses something, he or she calls the “lost-and-found-gemach” to see if someone found it and registered it with the gemach. This is an excellent way of reuniting people with their lost property. According to the Rambam, a doctor who heals has performed the mitzvah of hashavas aveidah, since he has returned the patient’s lost