Internet Learning Volume 1, Number 1, Fall 2012 | Page 13
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Internet Learning
Table 3.
Adjusted R for the predictors of the criterion variable: teaching presence
2
Model
Ethnicity—Caucasian
R
R
0.050a 0.003
Adjusted
R2
0.003
Gender—Female
Traditional student
status
0.063b 0.004
0.066c 0.004
0.004
0.004
2
Standard error of the
estimate
0.8049280
R2
change
0.003
0.8043413
0.8041826
0.001
0.000
For the Social Presence Subscale, the aggregate mean was 4.274 with a standard
deviation of 0.682.
Forward method linear regression resulted in three of the variables being statistically
significant predictors of the criterion variable (the aggregate mean of social presence indicators)
(Table 4).
Table 4.
Forward method linear regression predictors of the criterion variable: social presence
Unstandardized
Standardized
Coefficients
Coefficients
B
Std. error
Beta
T
Sig.
4.322
0.005
845.706 0.000
Constant
Ethnicity—Caucasian
−0.072
0.005
−0.046
−14.748 0.000
Traditional Student Status
−0.051
0.006
−0.025
−8.044
0.000
Gender—Female
0.017
0.005
0.012
3.827
0.000
The relative contributions of each of the predictor variables to the significant predictive
model are listed in the Model Summary below. The Forward method in SPSS enters predictor
variables one by one in order of decreasing significance. Table 5, therefore, illustrates the
changes in Adjusted R2, for the significant predictors of the criterion variable, as each variable is
entered: