International Journal on Criminology Volume 3, Number 2, Fall 2015 | Page 128

International Journal on Criminology
in Drug Smuggling,” International Studies Quarterly, November 20, 2014, doi: 10.1111/isqu.12162; Vanda
Felbab-Brown, Shooting Up: Counterinsurgency and the War on Drugs (Washington, DC: Brookings
Institution Press, 2009). For a good review of the issue.
24
“How ISIL Gets Its Money-Donations, Oil Smuggling, Kidnapping, Extortion,” Sputnik News, February
7, 2015, http://sputniknews.com/analysis/20150207/1017945720.html#ixzz3RDJDI2qm. At its peak ISIS
was believed to have earned $3M per day from its illicit activities, which included controlling as many
as 11 oil fields in enclaves of Syria and Iraq. See Associated Press, “ISIS makes $3M per day from oil
smuggling, human trafficking,” New York Post, September 15, 2014, http://nypost.com/2014/09/15/isismakes-3m-per-day-from-oil-smuggling-human-trafficking/.
25
Louise Shelly, “Disrupt Boko Haram Business Strategy: Column,” USA Today, May 22, 2014, http://
www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2014/05/22/boko-haram-kidnap-schoolgirls-military-financecolumn/9454821/.
26
See for example Perry Chiaramonte, “Terrorist Groups Fuel Rise in Violent Elephant Poaching in
Central Africa,” Fox News, February 8, 2015, http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/02/08/guerrilapoaching-extremist-groups-violent-methods-leading-to-higher-slaughter/.
27
In Pakistan and India D-Company has linked with Pakistan’s ISI (Inter Service Intelligence) and jihadi
elements, including al-Qaeda to conduct operations; see Bill Rogio, “Dawood Ibrahim, al Qaeda, and the
ISI,”
28
See Alma Guillermoprieto, “Mexico: ‘We are Not Sheep to Be Killed’,” New York Review of Books (Blog),
November 5, 2014, http://www.nybooks.com/blogs/nyrblog/2014/nov/05/mexico-not-sheep-to-bekilled/;
Ioan Grillo, “The Apparent Massacre of Dozens of Students Exposes the Corruption at the Heart
of Mexico,” Time, October 10, 2014, http://time.com/3490853/mexico-massacre-students-police-cartelcorruption/.
29
The process here is often Co-opted State Reconfiguration (CStR) rather than State capture (StC). See
John P. Sullivan, “How Illicit Networks Impact Sovereignty,” in Convergence: Illicit Networks and National
Security in the Age of Globalization, eds. Michael Miklaucic, and Jacqueline Brewer (Washington, DC:
National Defense University Press, 2013), chap. 10; Luis Jorge Garay Salamanca and Eduardo Salcedo-
Albarán, Narcotráfico, corruption y Estados: Cómo las redes ilícitas han reconfigurado las instituciones en
Colombia, Guatemala y México (Mexico City: Debate, 2012).
30
See especially Louise I. Shelly, “The Unholy Trinity: Transnational Crime, Corruption, and Terrorism,"
Brown Journal of International Affairs 11 (2) (2005): 101-111.
31
See John P. Sullivan and James J. Wirtz, “Terrorism Early Warning and Counterterrorism Intelligence,”
International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 21 (1): 13-25, doi: 10.1080/08850600701648686.
32
James J. Wirtz and John P. Sullivan, “Global Metropolitan Policing: An Emerging Trend in Intelligence
Sharing,” Homeland Security Affairs 5 (May 2009), Article 4, https://www.hsaj.org/articles/103.
33
See for example Khail Goga and Eduardo Salcedo-Albarán, “A Network of Violence: Mapping a Criminal
Gang Network in Cape Town,” Paper 271, Institute of Security Studies, November 28, 2014, http://www.
issafrica.org/publications/papers/a-network-of-violence-mapping-a-criminal-gang-network-in-capetown.
34
See John P. Sullivan, “Cartel Info Ops: Power and Counter-power in Mexico’s Drug War,”
MountainRunner, November15, 2010, http://mountainrunner.us/2010/11/cartel_info_ops_power_and_
counter-power_in_mexico_drug_war/#.VNhalcZKKLE.
35
See John P. Sullivan “Intelligence Co-Production and Transaction Analysis for Counterterrorism and
Counter-netwar,” in Terrorism Early Warning: 10 Years of Achievement in Fighting Terrorism and Crime,
eds. John P. Sullivan, and Alain Bauer (Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Sheriff ’s Department, 2008),
35-43, https://www.academia.edu/1115115/Terrorism_Early_Warning_10_Years_of_Achievement_in_
Fighting_Terrorism_and_Crime.
36
On the “space of flows” see Manuel Castells, The Informational City: Economic Restructuring and Urban
Development (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1992); Willem van Schendel, and Itty Abraham, eds., Illicit
Flows and Criminal Things: States, Borders, and the Other Side of Globalization (Bloomington: Indiana
University Press, 2005).
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