Ingenieur Vol 77 Jan-Mar 2019 ingenieur 2019 Jan-March | Page 27

(AFM) which is used to manipulate the placement and position of individual atoms and molecules on the surface of a substrate is also a MEMS device. In fact, a variety of MEMS technologies are required in order to interface with the nano-scale domain. Internet of Things (IoT) - Norton-Steve Symantec The internet landscape is burgeoning. It’s not just about computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones anymore. Now a multitude of devices are internet-connected. The list of “smart” devices includes washing machines, robotic vacuum cleaners, door locks, toys, and toasters. The Internet of Things is the umbrella term — and, yes, you can now buy a smart umbrella — for anything that connects to the internet. (a) By 2025, it is estimated that there will be more than to 21 billion IoT devices A quick look back shows where IoT devices are going. Consider: In 2016, there were more than 4.7 billion things connected to the internet, according to IOT Analytics. Fast-forward to 2021? The market will increase to nearly 11.6 billion IoT devices. (b) More cities will become “smart” Consumers won’t be the only ones using IoT devices. Cities and companies will increasingly adopt smart technologies to save time and money. That means cities will be able to automate, remotely manage, and collect data through things like visitor kiosks, video camera surveillance systems, bike rental stations, and taxis. (c) Artificial intelligence will continue to become a bigger thing Smart home hubs, thermostats, lighting systems, and even coffee makers collect data on your habits and patterns of usage. When you set up voice-controlled devices, you allow them to record what you say to them and store those recordings in the cloud. In most cases, the data is collected to help facilitate what is called machine learning. Machine learning is a type of artificial intelligence that helps computers “learn” without someone having to programme them. The computers are programmed in a way that focuses on data that they receive. This new data can then help the machine “learn” what your preferences are and adjust itself accordingly. For instance, when a video website suggests a movie you might like, it’s likely learned your preferences based on your past choices. (d) 5G Networks will continue to fuel IoT growth Major wireless carriers will continue to roll out fifth-generation (5G) networks in 2019. 5G promises greater speed and the ability connect more smart devices at the same time. Faster net works mean the dat a accumulated by your smart devices will be gathered, analysed and managed to a higher degree. That will fuel innovation at companies that make IoT devices and boost consumer demand for new products. (e) Cars will get even smarter The arrival of 5G will shift the auto industry into a higher gear. The development of driverless cars — as well as the connected vehicles already on the road — will benefit from data moving faster. You might not think of your car as an Internet of Things device. But new cars will increasingly analyse your data and connect with other IoT devices — including other high- tech vehicles on four wheels. (f) 5G’s arrival will also open the door to new privacy and security concerns In time, more 5G IoT devices will connect directly to the 5G network than via a Wi-Fi router. This trend will make those devices more vulnerable to direct attack, according to a recent Symantec blog post. For home users, it will become more difficult to monitor all IoT devices, because they will bypass a central router. On a broader scale, the increased reliance on cloud-based storage will give attackers new targets to attempt to breach. 25