INGENIEUR
Conclusion
In a case MIROS investigated, the median
concrete barrier failed upon impact from a bus.
The impact caused the barrier to be broken into
pieces, allowing the bus to launch into the opposite
lane (Figure 15). The investigation at the site
indicated that the barrier follows the dimensions
of Test Level (TL) 4 New Jersey Concrete Barrier
(NJB) but did not contain reinforcement bars as
required. Concrete is a material that is very strong
in compression, but weak in tension. Thus, adding
reinforcement bars increases the tensile strength.
If a material with high tensile strength, such as
steel, is placed in concrete, the concrete will resist
not only compression but also other direct tensile
actions. In this case, with an increase in strength,
the concrete barrier would not have been as easily
broken and could have restrained the bus from
ramming through the barrier to the opposite lane.
In summary, the application of forensic engineering
and reconstruction in crash investigation has
helped to discover many issues that contributed
to road crashes. The issues as highlighted by the
case studies can arise due improper installation,
maintenance, modification and regulation.
All the issues were presented to the relevant
authorities for corrective and preventive measures.
One such measure is the implementation of
the UNECE standard for all new buses under
the Motor Vehicle (Construction and Use) Rules
(Amendment) 2007. Now all buses must comply
with UN R66 (superstructure) and R80 (strength
and anchorages) standards to reduce fatalities
emanating from rollover crashes and for an
effective restraint system respectively.
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VOL
2018
VOL 76
55 OCTOBER-DECEMBER
JUNE 2013