INGENIEUR
INGENIEUR
Period |
No . of Dams Built |
Period |
No . of Dams Built |
≤ 1900 |
3 |
|
|
1901 – 1910 |
1 |
1961 – 1970 |
10 |
1911 – 1920 |
0 |
1971 – 1980 |
6 |
1921 – 1930 |
2 |
1981 – 1990 |
28 |
1931 – 1940 |
9 |
1991 – 2000 |
12 |
1941 – 1950 |
2 |
2001 – 2010 |
18 |
1951 – 1960 |
3 |
2011 – 2016 |
12 |
Table 2 : Dams Built In Various Periods |
Distribution Of Dams According To Function , Age , Dam Type and Hazard Rating
Table 1 shows the distribution of 106 dams built by various Government agencies and private developers for various purposes throughout the country . The owners of most dams are federal ministries and state statutory bodies . Private developers and mining companies are also involved in dam development .
Besides the 106 dams listed in Table 1 , there are around 10 dams built by private companies for various purposes , such as storage of mining waste ( tailing dams ) and water supply in agriculture plantations . There are also dams built for storage of sludge from water treatment plants and storage bunds built for water supply and storm water detention .
Distribution of Dams According to Function Over 60 % of the dams in the country were built for water supply purposes . There are 65 water supply dams out of a total 106 dams in the country . There are 15 ( 14.1 %) irrigation dams , and 16 ( 15.1 % ) hydropower dams . There are four ( 3.8 %) dams built for flood mitigation purpose , four for silt retention and two for recreational purposes .
Distribution According to Hazard Ratings of Dams There are 48 dams which fall under the category of significant and higher hazard rating based on the current guidelines . At least 20 dams are located close to urban centres mostly due to downstream development .
Distribution of Dams According to Age There are four dams over 100 years in age , which is generally taken as the design life span of dams . There are 20 dams over 50 years old . There are a few dams that have been decommissioned , e . g . Asahan Dam in Melaka and Berapit Dam in Penang . There are also dams where their functions have changed , for example Ayer Keroh Dam in Melaka , changed from water supply to recreational purposes . The distribution of dams built in various periods is shown in Table 2 .
Distribution of Dams According to Dam Type Table 3 shows the distribution of dams according to the type of design . Seventy ( 66 %) of the dams built in the country are of the earth fill type . In recent years there is an increasing number of Roller Compacted Concrete Dams being built .
Item |
Dam Type |
No . |
Percentage
%
|
1 |
Earth fill |
70 |
66 |
2 |
Rock fill |
14 |
13.2 |
3 |
Concrete gravity |
18 |
17 |
4 |
Others |
4 |
3.8 |
Table 3 : Distribution of Dams According to Dam Type
42 VOL 69 JANUARY-MARCH 2017