Ingenieur April-June 2016 Ingenieur Apr-June 2016 | Page 67

Figure 5: New products produced by recycling waste materials (Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation, 2015) iii. Recycling v. Disposal Other waste materials that cannot be reused directly could be transformed into new products through recycling. Recycling involves the collection, reprocessing and remanufacturing of waste materials and using them again as recycled products. Recycling can reduce the depletion of landfill space, save energy and natural resources, provide useful products and provide economic benefits. Currently, there is a growing concern for recycling and the global environment. Recycling is specified in the 11th MP as an approach that will reduce the development of new landfills. (See Figure 5) For materials that cannot be re-used and recycled, disposal to landfill is the last resort based on the waste hierarchy. Therefore, it is important to ensure that the waste is handled by the authorised party that operates a legal dumping site approved by the National Solid Waste Management Department and the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation (SWCorp). Disposal of hazardous waste should be managed carefully and subject to Environmental Quality Act, 1974 (Act 127) (Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, 1974). However, it is crucial to understand that hazardous waste is not covered by the Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act, 672 (Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 2007) and, therefore should follow the requirement stated in the Environmental Quality Act, 1974 (Act 127). Note: For the list of waste materials that can be recycled, please refer to Appendix 2- Garis Panduan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Pembinaan Di Tapak Bina (Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation, 2015). iv. Other recovery This stage can be defined as the exclusion of waste materials from recycling through certain processes (anaerobic digestion or incineration with energy recovery), which produce energy (fuel, heat and power) or backfilling. Construction Waste Management Life Cycle A closed-loop approach to sustainable construction waste management can provide value at every phase of a building life cycle. Figure 6 shows a systematic process for construction waste management based on the closed-loop approach. Waste management will be discussed according to a ‘cradle to cradle’ approach. 65