identifying revenue streams that can
be sustainable both at the financial and
political levels.
“PPPs can be a solution, but not for everybody,”
says Antonio Estache, an infrastructure expert at
the European Centre for Advanced Research in
Economics and Statistics at the Universite Libre
de Bruxelles in Belgium. “Market size matters,
risk level matters, the ability to pay the privatesector partner matters, as well as political and
regulatory capacity.”
Long-term commitment and a strategic vision
by officials are requirements because this is a
politically sensitive area and a change of political
winds can jeopardize projects. “Though we have
the rule of law, the US is one of the more politically
risky places to invest in infrastructure,” says
Richard Little, a US-based infrastructure policy
consultant. “Our elected officials quickly back off
from a project if voters decide they don’t like it.”
In 2011 the Republican Governor of Florida, Rick
Scott, rejected federal funds for US$2.4 billion
(authorized by a Democratic Administration)
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to build a high-speed rail between the cities
of Tampa and Orlando. A private developer is
now carrying out a more limited version on its
own. Above all, private involvement in public
infrastructure needs “a credible pipeline of
productive, bankable, investment-ready projects
offering acceptable risk adjusted returns,” says
the IFC’s Sheahan. Once again, the US is an
example of how not to do things. “We have been
going about it one project at a time. California
did the (US$340 million) Long Beach Courthouse
in California, which was great but completely
standalone,” says Little. “Where is the sustained
body of projects?”
Though challenges remain, infrastructure
investment holds enormous promise across the
world. Everybody has a stake in it, with workers
needing jobs, citizens needing access, investors
needing returns, multinational corporations
needing to move their goods around faster and
cheaper, and Governments needing to foster
economic growth without adding to their already
high debt burdens.
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