iHerp Australia Issue 12 | Page 51

Chameleons, ranging from the large and colourful Panther Chameleons (Furcifer pardalis) down to the ultra-teensy Brookesia micra; amphibians, including Magnificent Tree Frogs (Litoria splendida) and Colorado River Toads (Incilius alvarius); and tortoises, featuring both Georgia’s own pro- tected Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) and the flat-shelled African Pancake Tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri). kill the animals.” Ben shakes his head as he describes the waste; the fuel used to flush out the snakes also destroys the dens and all the creatures living within. “Last year, they only caught a few – about seven, I think.” He’s hoping Whigham city officials will agree to let the Dept. of Natural Resources take Chehaw’s rattlesnakes to their demonstra- tions, on loan just for the day, as they do for the Claxton March Rattlesnake and Wildlife Festival. ‘Basically the reptile ‘chews’ the venom Lastly, we check out the snake exhibits, starting with the Yellow Rat Snake (Elaphe obsoleta quadrivittata), another Georgia native that will play dead, mimicking a fallen branch to avoid preda- tors, and ending up at the venomous showcases. Roberts’ face lights up. “We have Eastern Diamondback Rattle- snakes (Crotalus adamanteus) and Canebrake Rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus), Cottonmouths (Agkistrodon piscivorus).…” he hesitates outside the see-through enclosure of a Gold- ringed Cat Snake (Boiga dendrophila). “Right there, that’s lightning on a stick when you’ve got him on the handling hook,” he laughs. Like the rattlesnakes, the Guatemalan Beaded Lizard is also endowed with potent venom, but the method of delivery is somewhat different. Unlike most venomous snakes, in which the toxins are injected via fangs on the upper jaw, the Heloderma rely upon a few slightly-enlarged, sharp and pointy teeth on the lower mandible. Specialized glands along the jaw secrete pain- inducing venom which is dispensed to the gums at the tooth line. From this juncture, the venom is drawn upward along longitudinal grooves on the outer surfaces of the pointed teeth and into the wound of the would-be predator. Since the GBL lacks the musculature necessary for direct envenomation into its prey, it must rely on the less efficient technique of clamping down and holding tight. In other words, the lizard must grasp its victim with a death grip and exact repeated biting activity to maintain stimulation of the venom glands. Basically, through repeti- tive grinding, the reptile ‘chews’ the venom into its quarry. into its quarry.’ Quickly Ben’s mood changes. “We’re trying to discourage Whigham, a town just down the road, from rounding up their own rattlesnakes for their annual festival. They pour gasoline into gopher burrows, which burns the snakes’ nostrils, so they just shoot out of the ground. Then they catch ‘em. At the end of the Rattlesnake Round-Up, they