iHerp Australia Issue 1 | Page 19

currently available. Red hatchlings are clear-cut progeny of exotic GTPs; they are not from Australia, or even southern New Guinea. In fact, they are not even Morelia viridis. But when it comes to adults, the picture gets a little hazy. Some of the exotic GTPs can be identified by visual cues, but this is not definitive and, as far as I know, there is probably only one person in this country capable of visually distinguishing between these species on a reliable basis. The other option is genotyping. Examination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been utilised in the past and the technology available today is quite advanced and reliable. Genetic markers for localities such as Aru, Sorong, Biak and others are now readily available from GenBank. Furthermore, a new study, which is currently under way, will allow genetic labs to tell almost exactly (within ~ 400km.) the origin of any GTP. It will also include a solid revision of Green Tree Python taxonomy. Although both sexes possess mitochondria, and hence mtDNA, this is inherited only from the mother (and the mother’s mother, etc.). Therefore, we can only reliably trace the origin of exotic GTPs using mtDNA if the mother is from New Guinea. In other words, if the maternal lineage has remained intact since arriving in Australia from New Guinea, then profiling can be used to confirm the exotic origin of males and females, because both sexes will have inherited mtDNA from their New Guinean female ancestor. If we have 100% pure-bred Biaks (of either sex) and 100% pure-bred Aussies (of either sex), then mtDNA can reliably distinguish between them. However, if the mother is Australian, but the father is from New Guinea, the resulting test (on offspring of either sex) would suggest an Australian heritage. Similarly, if we breed a female Biak with an Aussie male, examination of the mtDNA of the offspring will reflect only the mother’s New Guinean lineage. Therefore,