HPE HPE 90 – November 2018 | Page 26

review A novel approach to the management of papulopustular rosacea Topical ivermectin represents an effective and alternative first-line treatment option for patients with mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea Rosacea can be defined as a chronic, relapsing inflammatory condition that affects the central portion of facial skin. The condition is thought to affect up to 10% of the population and is more commonly experienced by fair-skinned individuals of Celtic or Northern European heritage. 1 Rosacea occurs more frequently in women (although men tend to experience more severe disease) and in those aged between 30 and 50 years. Patients complain of a burning or stinging sensation in their skin and the disease has a negative impact on quality of life. 2 A system for classifying rosacea was developed in 2002 and revised in 2004 3 although, more recently, an expert panel concluded that rosacea can be defined by persistent, centrofacial erythema associated with periodic intensification and phymatous changes. Flushing, telangiectasia, inflammatory lesions and ocular manifestations, were not considered individually to be diagnostic features. 4 Nevertheless, rosacea is still classified into one of four subtypes: 26 | Issue 90 | 2018 | hospitalpharmacyeurope.com • Erythematotelangiectatic – characterised by flushing and persistent facial erythema • Papulopustular – presence of papules/pustules on the cheeks, forehead and chin • Phymatous – typified by skin thickening, prominent pores and enlargement of the nose (rhinophyma) • Ocular – with inflammation of the eyes and lids. Whether these subgroups represent distinct clinical entities or merely a continuum of the severity spectrum remains to be determined, yet for many patients there is some degree of symptom overlap. Pathophysiology The precise cause of rosacea remains unclear and, given the different sub-types, it is likely to be multifactoral. Inheritable factors are important and a family history is reported in as many as 30% of sufferers. Patients with rosacea cite potential trigger factors such as increased temperature, ingestion of hot drinks, alcohol, spicy foods and exposure to both cold weather and ultraviolet radiation. These Rod Tucker BPharm PhD Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK