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In-text citations
In-Text citations are the parentheses usually at the end of sentences or paragraphs to give credit when you paraphrased, summarized, or used a direct quote from a source in your paper. Here are some common questions regarding in-text citations:
1. When do I cite something?
Depending on your audience, general, common knowledge does not need a citation.
Charles Schulz wrote the comic strip "Peanuts."
2. So, when do I use an in-text citation?
If you paraphrase; that is, if you put something into your own words.
If you make a direct quotation; that is, if you copy word for word from the text.
3. How do I create an in-text citation?
The first time you mention a text, you should include the title and the author's full name in your sentence. Here's an example:
Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird examines the racial tension of the 20th century American South.
Later on in your paper, you'll use an in-text citation. Here's an example:
For example, Atticus says, "...You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view..." (p. 30).
Writing an Introduction and Thesis Statement
Your introduction helps readers focus on your argument. You should open with a few sentences related to your topic. Explain the premise of your book, or explain how your general topic functions in today's society. You should NOT include a complete summary of the book here. You can certainly include information that helps your reader understand what you will be talking about.
Example: Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, examines the racial tensions of the 20th century American South. The story focuses on a young girl names Scout, her brother Jem, and their father, Atticus Finch, whose role as a lawyer involves him in a controversial court case.
How to Write a THESIS STATEMENT
State your argument, issue, or problem (sometimes this a response to a prompt)
Add your opinion
Introduce supporting points (three points is typical for a high school paper)
Click the logo to watch a Shmoop video on creating a thesis statement!
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