GRC Professional - February 2015 Edition | Page 30
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• Assign the contract to someone else, to the
detriment of the other party;
• Vary the upfront price payable, without giving the
other party a right to exit the contract.
amount, cost-basis, and procedures for payment,
if challenged.
What are the risks?
The NZCC can apply to the District or High Court
on its own initiative, or at the request of any party to the
contract. If the court declares a term to be unfair, it can
have wide precedent effect:
The NZCC will pay particular attention to
standard form consumer contracts that contain such
terms, however the ‘grey list’ approach is heavily
dependent on all the facts and context in each case.
Pricing not affected, unless it is a penalty?
The “upfront price” of a contract (as well as its
core subject-matter) cannot be declared an unfair
term. The upfront price is the price payable under a
contract, but only to the extent that it is transparent.
The NZCC will still pay close attention to price,
and will try to limit the scope of this exemption by
scrutinising all terms relating to price that may have
not been transparently disclosed. In particular, the
regulator will focus on penalties and ancillary costs,
which are not part of the upfront price and which it
says have a particular tendency to be unfair.
Where it is not clear whether an amount payable
is a penalty or part of the upfront price, the NZCC
will demand evidence from the party seeking
payment. It will not matter whether it is described
as a “penalty” or something else. So it is important to ensure all price terms are clearly expressed
in plain language, and be prepared to justify the
28 GRC Professional • February 2015
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Where it is not
clear whether
an amount
payable is a
penalty or part
of the upfront
price, the NZCC
will demand
evidence
from the
party seeking
payment.
• all businesses are prohibited from using the term in
a standard form contract, unless it can be used in a
way that complies with the court’s decision; and
• businesses which already have that term in a
standard contract (entered into after 17 March
2015) may no longer apply or enforce it.
There are significant consequences for trying to use
or enforce a term that has been declared unfair:
• Criminal fines up to NZ$200,000 (individuals)
or NZ$600,000 (corporates);
• An injunction preventing relying on or including
such term; or
• Orders to refund money or pay damages.
And apart from formal consequences, substantial
reputational damage in the face of an adverse ruling
or publicity is alone usually enough to sharply get the
attention of the CEO and Board of Directors. •••