GeminiFocus June 2012 | Page 25

Figure 6. K-band highresolution images of the four nearby (z ~ 0.15) massive compact galaxies observed with NIRI and ALTAIR/LGS. axies, in particular their inner regions, is the key ingredient in answering several relevant questions, such as: What is the morphological nature of the massive galaxies? Is the compactness only an artifact of missing light in the outer regions? To answer these questions, Rodrigo Carrasco (Gemini Observatory), Trujillo, and Anna Ferré-Mateu (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Spain) obtained ultra-deep, high-spatial-resolution images of four nearby super-dense massive galaxies with the Near-infrared Imager and Spectrometer (NIRI) using the adaptive optics system Altair (in laser guide star mode) on the Gemini North telescope. Contrary to previous studies, where the morphological properties of these galaxies have been seriously limited by the seeing, the observations provided by Gemini North with 25 GeminiFocus adaptive optics allowed (for the first time) an in-depth analysis of their inner and outer regions to unprecedented resolution. These galaxies are genuinely very massive and compact, with elongated shapes resembling the structures of S0 galaxies (Figure 6), with no evidence of an extended faint component altering their size estimate. Furthermore, the stellar mass density profiles are significantly denser in the inner regions than any galaxy with similar stellar mass and normal size in the local universe. Moreover, these galaxies are almost exact copies of the high-redshift (z > 1), massive compact galaxies. The complete results are presented in The Astrophysical Journal (Trujillo, I., Carrasco, E. R., and Ferré-Mateu, A., 751: 45, 2012). June2012