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Optogenetics - The next level of science Brains, even those belonging to tiny organisms like mice, are intimidating in their complexity. They are made of innumerable cells known as neurons. The brain communicates with the help of electrical and chemical impulses. There are thousands of types of neurons, each with a unique shape and pattern of connectivity. If we could discover the role of each type of cell, we can understand the way they work to create thoughts, ideas and feelings. Neuroscientists and Psychologists can study brain activities and how they respond to stimuli. Still, they were struggling to identify how brains do what they do. Scientists attempted to use electrodes to record neuronal activities, but it was imprecise as it stimulated every adjacent neuron and did not record the functioning of neurons individually. -7-