Gauteng Smallholder September 2015 | Page 24

IN THE FIELD How to set up your plough I f you use a conventional tractor and a two- or threeshare plough to turn your soil there are two adjustments you can make on your plough and three on the tractor that will make your task easier and more productive. Older, smaller ploughs are often fitted with a rotating bar to which the hitching pins are welded eccentrically. The bar itself is held firm and tight against the body of the plough by two large U-bolts. Rotating the bar (after loosening the U-bolts) will see the hitching pins alternately moving up and down and closer to, and further away from, the body of the plough. The effect of this, when the hitching pins are attached to the tractor, is to cause the body of the plough to flop over to the left, or rise to a more vertical position (caused by the up-and-downmovement of the hitching pins) and for the tail of the plough to swing to the left or right (caused by the hitching pins moving closer to and further away from the body of the plough). More modern, and larger, ploughs have bolt on hitching pins, the ploughs themselves being fitted with heavy plates drilled with two or three vertical holes on one side and two or three horizontal holes on the other. Movement out of the vertical is achieved by changing the vertical bolt hole on the one side, while the degree of lateral movement of the rear of the plough is achieved by changing the position of the pin in the horizontal holes on the other. Both of these adjustments affect what you can achieve with the plough. The greater the degree of angle away from the vertical has the effect of leaning the plough shares to a more acute angle, facilitating the desirable action of the plough to “throw” the soil, upending it so that the tops of any vegetation are buried and their roots, conversely, exposed. (A plough that merely cuts away a sod of earth and allows it to flop back into its original position without turning it over is achieving nothing.) The extent of the throw you can achieve is further affected by the type of soil, the amount of vegetation it is carrying at the time of ploughing and its moisture content, as well as by the power available to you from the tractor, which in turn Continued on page 24 The two types of plough adjustments: Left Adjustment holes through which hitching pins are bolted. R Y