Gauteng Smallholder November 2016 | Page 9

From page 6 And, there's some good news: La Nina may happen after all. A La Nina effect is the name given to cooler-than-average seawater temperatures in the central Pacific Ocean, which results in higher-than-average rainfall across most of the southern hemisphere (not to mention severe rainfall and disruptive weather in the northern hemisphere). A La Nina (little girl) is thus the opposite to the much more widely known El Nino (little boy) effect that causes drought in the southern hemisphere. All but written off last month, La Nina now has a 70% chance of developing during the remainder of the northern autumn, according to climate researchers. But this La Nina could be short-lived, and also weak. Researchers said it was only slightly favoured to persist during the upcoming northern hemisphere winter. NEWS And it hasn't happened yet. Neutral temperature conditions ruled the equatorial Pacific during September, according to the report. Although La Nina hasn't taken hold, researchers noted that Pacific sea surface temperatures were cooling in September and early October. The atmosphere also was showing signs it was picking up on the change, according to the report. Some of the things researchers watch for are changes in the nearsurface and upper-level wind patterns as well as the Southern Oscillation Index and the Equatorial Southern Oscillation Index. Those two indeces are used to track conditions in the east and central Pacific and over Indonesia. Precipitation was also picking up over Indonesia, another sign of a La Nina.