Gauteng Smallholder March 2016 | Page 33

From page 30 grains. This quickens the process of decomposition. Hairy vetch flowers are much enjoyed by bees. K Lupins show a range of soil tolerances. Both Blue Lupins and White Lupins provide cover in the form of mulch, they are used as human and animal food and are effective in nitrogen fixing. K Fava beans can be allowed to crop, providing human and animal food. The plant is also used as soil cover and for nitrogen fixing. K Black oats has the advantage of increasing the organic and carbon content of the soil. It produces a great deal of biomass both above and below the soil. It is best to plant oats at least six weeks before the first frost, ie, February to March. It has high quality fo