Gauteng Smallholder June 2016 | Page 40

LIVESTOCKstarting off at 5 x 20m, From page 37 are a couple of months old. After that they will be put into an enclosure with young of a similar age. They reach full size after around six months. The backs of their legs are covered in a hard, scaly serration that requires handlers to wear heavy gloves to protect their hands from cuts and abrasions. Camp sizes vary according to the size and number of birds, ranging up to 30 x 70m for 20 young birds. A breeding pair is kept in a camp of 10 x 20m. The fencing is important. Most breeders use diamond mesh to a height of 2m. Be careful to ensure that there are no jagged edges or wire knots on the inside of the fence, as the birds walk along the fence and could injure themselves. The plumage varies in colour due to environmental factors, giving the bird natural camouflage. The juvenile plumage develops at about three months and is blackish, finely barred with brown, with the head and neck being especially dark. The facial feathers gradually thin to expose a bluish skin. The adult plumage has developed by about 15 months. Although they are hardy, emus are vulnerable to Emus with a clutch of eggs 38 www.sasmallholder.co.za internal and external parasites. They have been affected by avian influenza in other parts of the world but there have been no reports of infections in South Africa, while their ratite cousins the ostriches have been casualties. As with any livestock, emus need to be carefully monitored so that any health condition can be identified early.