Gauteng Smallholder February 2018 | Page 33

POULTRY From page 29 crossing certain strains of birds, you can get “hybrid vigour” where a chick is better than either of its parents. Their weight varies ~ layers are usually light, fast maturing with good feed conversion. Table hybrids are heavy, to provide a good carcass in a short time, so are extremely fast to mature. In South Africa, indigenous chickens, including Potch Koekoeks and Boschvelders, are today usually a mixture of breeds because the birds have bred freely. The indigenous breeds are usually well suited to their areas, but grow slowly and produce fewer eggs than a hybrid bred for egg laying. Well known hcommercial ybrids in South Africa are the Harco layer, Hyline layer and Ross and Cobb 500 broilers. In today's commercial poultry production, only hybrid Pure-bred Orpingtons in two colourations chickens or cross-breeds are usually selected for meat and egg production. For example, they will lay more eggs than the special or the dual purpose chicken breeds. They usually lay large eggs, which could either be white or brown, de pending on the chicken breed. The hybrid chickens also have a very good feed efficiency. They will eat less food per kilogram of weight gained or per kilogram of eggs pro- duced. The male chicks of the hybrid layers grow very fast and can be slaughtered for extra income from poultry meat sales. Hybrid broilers are also quite advantageous. They grow faster than pure breeds and have excellent feed conver- 31 www.sasmallholder.co.za sion ratio making them very profitable to grow as they produce more breast meat than pure poultry breeds. As a consequence of their prolific egg laying hybrids can be very active which means they can be slightly more aggressive towards each other. Their environment may suffer as they energetically scratch and forage. However, their inherent hardiness, predictability and cheaper cost price make them a good choice for the beginner or anyone who is looking for a consistent egg supply. Pure-bred chickens are Continued on page 33