Gauteng Smallholder April 2016 | Page 25

ON THE PLOT Frost: When, what and how to deal with it W hen, on average, do you experience your first frost? When do you expect your last? And how variable are occurrences of frost from season to season on your plot? To predict when the frosts can be expected, weather scientists consider five factors: K Altitude ~ in general the higher the altitude the lower the temperature and hence a K Latitude ~ the further greater likelihood of frost from the equator the lower occurrence; the temperatures; K Distance from sea ~ on the assumption that the further a location is from the moderating influence of the ocean the more likely it is that freezing temperatures would be reached; K A topographic valley index ~ a location surrounded by higher altitudes experiences already display relatively low o values (below 6 C), would also be more prone to frost formation. Based on these factors and using data from 216 climate stations in southern Africa, meteorologists inform us that on average first frost occurs in May over most of the interior of South Africa. In Gauteng 20% of the province, on average, will cold air drainage resulting from radiative cooling on the upper slopes, causing the denser cold air to "sink" into the valleys, with the intensity of valley frost occurrence depending on the steepness of the surrounding topography; K General minimum temperature conditions ~ ie, those areas which in terms of daily minimum temperatures 23 www.sasmallholder.co.za Continued on page 26