Forensics Journal - Stevenson University 2011 | Page 38

STEVENSON UNIVERSITY Although brushite formation has destroyed many skeletal remains from the adults in this series, select individuals show pathological conditions associated with aging, congenital conditions, and trauma. Burial 6 shows marked anterior angular kyphosis of the T8 to T12 vertebrae, compression of the T9 vertebra, signs of arthritis, extensive ossification of rib costal cartilage and slight enthesophyte (bone spur) formations. This individual also shows a hereditary congenital defect, known as tarso-metatarsal coalition, in which the third right metatarsal was joined with the third right phalanx, a condition usually present during childhood or early adolescence. This condition probably would not have caused significant pain or discomfort. The historical documentation as to an illness related to the cause of death of Alfred Richards was also apparent during a pathological analysis. The death certificate of Alfred Richards (provided by the family) stated that his cause of death was related to pulmonary edema and diabetes mellitus. Antemortem amputation of four of his toes (three right metatarsals and a left proximal phalanx) was likely caused from complications associated with his diabetes mellitus. Burial 7 exhibits milder signs of aging with only slight arthritis, and a congenital anomaly in which she has an extra vertebra and 13th ribs. Burial 15 did not exhibit any pathological conditions on the skeletal remains themselves; however, both the brain and stomach contents of this individual were mummified. The stomach contents revealed evidence of grape seeds, scientifically known as Vitis riparia, which were identified by Jun Wen, a specialist in the Department of Botany at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History. measured for items identified as having been consumed, and because isotopic compositions can only be used to distinguish certain food groups rather than individual food items” (Ke Y