ELE Times PDF 1 Nov 2016 | Page 38

Cover Story Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) are a class of devices integrating electrical and mechanical functionality on the nanoscale. NEMS form the logical next miniaturization step from so-called microelectromechanical systems, or MEMS devices. NEMS typically integrate transistor-like nanoelectronics with mechanical actuators, pumps, or motors, and may thereby form physical, biological, and chemical sensors. The name derives from typical device dimensions in the nanometer range, leading to low mass, high mechanical resonance frequencies, potentially large quantum mechanical effects such as zero point motion, and a high surface-to-volume ratio useful for surface-based sensing mechanisms. Uses include accelerometers, or detectors of chemical substances in the air. Spintronics Spintronics is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. Spintronics differs from the older magnetoelectronics, in that spins are manipulated by both magnetic and electrical fields. Thermal copper pillar bump The thermal copper pillar bump, also known as the "thermal bump", is a thermoelectric device made from thin-film thermoelectric material embedded in flip chip interconnects (in particular copper pillar solder bumps) for use in electronics and optoelectronic packaging, including: flip chip packaging of CPU and GPU integrated circuits (chips), laser diodes, and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA). Thermal bumps act as solid-state heat pumps and add thermal management functionality locally on the surface of a chip or to another electrical component. Towards New Avenues in Minimally-Invasive Intracutaneous Electrochemical The subject highlights the development of a novel class of minimally-invasive electrochemical biosensors that facilitate the quantification of relevant metabolomic, ionic, and neurochemical information residing in the viable epidermis in a continuous, realtime fashion. Fabricated through manufacturing processes that are scalable, cost-effective, and highly precise, these novel biosensing modalities seek to bridge the gap between analyticalgrade instrumentation typically found in the hospital laboratory and user requirements for unobtrusive, low-profile, skin-applied devices able to deliver timely, actionable information using existing wirelessly-enabled wearable and mobile platforms. Home Entertainment & Personal Computing Opens New Avenues for Active Optical Cables The active optical cable market has grown at a rapid pace than what it was in 2007. Cloud and internet data centers are responsible for fueling the growth. Application of these cables were then prominent in esoteric space of HPC data centers. Voracious appetite for internet and emergence of cloud data centers have been responsible for the surge in the active cable industry. What really drives the adoption of the active optical cable market is the demand for much faster and low latency-resistant data centers. The need is growing rapidly not only within internet’s huge data centers but also cloud deployments. Electric Vehicle Charging Opens New Avenues for Semiconductors The bill of semiconductors used in charging stations is vast, ranging from the power semiconductors that channel electricity between the charger and the vehicle, to the communication chips linking the station to the smart grid. The charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is expanding, buffered by large investments from the automotive industry, government initiatives, and international calls to reduce carbon emissions. As a result, the market for semiconductors used in these charging stations is expected to grow rapidly over the next few years. Silk Fibroin for Flexible Electronic Devices Flexible electronic devices are necessary for applications involving unconventional interfaces, such as soft and curved biological systems, in which traditional silicon-based electronics would confront a mechanical mismatch. Biological polymers offer new opportunities for flexible electronic devices by virtue of their biocompatibility, environmental benignity, and sustainability, as well as low cost. As an intriguing and abundant biomaterial, silk offers exquisite mechanical, optical, and electrical properties that are advantageous toward the development of next-generation biocompatible electronic devices. Transparent Smartphones The chip, known as transparent resistive random access memory, is similar to existing chips known as metal-oxide semiconductor memory, which we use in new electronics. The difference is that TRRAM is completely clear and transparent. It is a new milestone of transparent electronic systems. By integrating TRRAM with other transparent electronic components, we can create a total see-through embedded electronic systems. The technology could enable the windows or mirrors in your home to be used as computer monitors and television screens. Hollow Flashlight Ann Makosinski invented a battery-free flashlight. A free energy device that is powered by the heat in your hand. Ann recalled reading how the human body had enough energy to power a 100- ELE Times | 38 | November, 2016