Edge of Faith April2019 | Page 6

That’s a lot to take in. I know! There’s a lot to say about that issue. I think that’s an excellent question. The bottom line is Psychology is one of the many tools that God has given us. We shouldn’t reject them. We should work with the gifts God has given us and the brain He’s given us. Very well put. We’re discussing suicide, and as I was reading through the book, I realized there’s a lot of different definitions of sui- cide and suicidal thought. If you wouldn’t mind, could you walk us though some of those definitions so we could educate the reader before we delve deeper? Sure. At this point in time, there’s a consen- sus in the field of Suicidology that there have to be these two pieces to something being suicidal. One of them is it has to involve some desire to die, some intent to die. For something to be a suicide attempt or some- thing to be a suicide death it has to be self- inflicted. Not all “suicide attempts” would be called suicide attempts if the person doesn’t have a clear, conscious desire that they are trying to harm themselves. Sometimes we talk about people drinking themselves to death, that this is a kind of suicide. But, to really fit that definition, that person would have to have that intention of harming themselves with that intention to die. When it comes to the current definition, you really need those two pieces: that it has to be self- inflicted and it has to involve some intent to actually want to die. There are those where that is their intent, right? Some people who drink at that level, they do have that intent, right? That is correct, yeah. It’s hard just to lump everybody into the same category. That is what I was trying to say. There is a complex- ity to this that isn’t always clear even to the person themselves. Even they sometimes have such ambivalence that it’s not yet clear to themselves. “Suicide is still the tenth leading cause of death, so that hasn’t changed. Homicide is the sixteenth leading cause of death, so there are always more sui- cides than there are homi- cides.” I’m going to just read a couple of sta- tistics, out of your book. The book was published in 2014, so I’m sure some of the stats have changed, but I doubt by a lot. And if they did change, I’d like to be positive, but they probably changed for the worse, not for the better. We’ll go with what they are. We’ll look at it from a world perspective, and from the US. You state that the World Health Organization had found that for every death due to war in the world, there are three deaths due to homicide, and five due to suicide. Then in the United States, suicide was the tenth leading cause of death across all ages in 2010, affecting 38,364 people, which was ahead of homicide which was a little over 16,000, and HIV which was a little over 8,000. So in reality, suicide was more prevalent than homicide and HIV combined. You mention, even as you are reading this chapter, there’s a suicide in the US every sixteen minutes. That is absolutely heartbreaking. Now, you go on to mention that’s just the tip of the ice- berg. Based on national surveys, it’s esti- mated that for every fourteen suicides per 100,000 people each year, approximately 500 people attempt suicide, and 3,000 think about it. You’re bringing up the fact that this makes pretty good odds that some of the people in your faith-based community have had suicidal thoughts, not just in your pews but possibly even in your governance board - that they’ve had thoughts and maybe even attempted sui- cide. That’s horrific. Absolutely. Michael, unfortunately, you’re right - it has gotten worse. Suicide is still the tenth leading cause of death, so that hasn’t changed. Homicide is the sixteenth leading cause of death, so there are always more suicides than there are homicides. HIV AIDS isn’t even in the top twenty leading causes of death in the United States. Suicide outpaces homicide by quite a bit, still. But in 2016 - I’ll just tell you the numbers have begun to climb - so in 2016: 44,965 Americans died by suicide. In 2017, and these are the latest data: that’s 47,173 Americans died by sui- cide. Just to put this in perspective because the opioid crisis is very definitely in the news quite a bit these days - in 2017: 47,400 Americans died by opioid, and in 2017: 47,173 Americans died by suicide. It’s just a differ- ence of 227 people. It is a tragedy, and it is what we would call a public health problem. It’s a problem because these deaths are very tragic. It just represents a great number of people. As you were pointing out with that other statistic: for every 14 deaths, 500 peo- ple attempted, and 3,000 are thinking about it. It’s like the food pyramid, only much more distressing to think about this, that there are so many people that are affected in this way. I didn’t mention it on that particu- lar page, but at the same time when some- body dies, many people are exposed to that particular death. Following a suicide death, we also have a number of people who are affected by it, who are suicide survivors. The number of people that are touched by this issue is just enormous. You bring up the news - we talk about homicides and the opioid crisis. Homicides and gun violence, which [guns] are where a lot of the homicide statistics are from, that’s pretty much discussed daily. The opioid crisis - several times a week, suicide - really unless it’s somebody famous we don’t talk about it a whole lot.