e-mosty 4 2016 Arch Bridges | Page 67

successfully removed from the weathering steel without damage to the stabilising patina. The rise to span ratio was set at 0.1525, which is at the lower range for a network arch. In order to enhance the appearance of the arches a 6 degree inward inclination was prescribed at planning stage. The solution was a good compromise between aesthetic and maintenance requirements and the collaboration between the Planning Authorities, the Architect, the Promoter, the Contractor, the Bridge Designer and the Steelwork Fabricator was instrumental in achieving the final structural configuration. 3. The Erection Sequence It was recognised from the very early stages of the project that the design of this structure was heavily dependent on the construction methodology to be adopted. The methodology was heavily influenced by the requirement to have a navigable channel in the river for the duration of the construction. Furthermore, in order to reduce the impact of the temporary works on the construction programme, it was decided to use the same temporary works to facilitate the demolition of Prince’s Bridge. This effectively led to a “piecemeal” erection approach and necessitated in depth discussions between the Steelwork Fabricator, the Bridge Designer, and the Contractor, in order to determine the exact methodology, from which the design of the structure evolved. The tie beams will be erected first in sections followed by the transverse girders to form a ladder deck. The alignment of the bridge with respect to the river means that the deck will be installed on skewed temporary towers in the river. When the tie beam sections are installed, they will deflect and twist as they are asymmetric and the centre of gravity and the shear centre are not coincident. In order to understand the behaviour of the asymmetric tie beam sections better, the deck erection was re-analysed using a shell-element based model for the ladder deck. Such an analysis was required to evaluate the stability of the tie beam sections in the temporary case since the cross section does not have an axis of symmetry. It was also required, in order to understand the buildup of rotations about the longitudinal axis of the ties. The open section has relatively low torsional stiffness, which meant that the twist generated during erection may lead to problems during the installation of the hangers. This risk was mitigated by incorporating transverse props and ties that assist in the installation Fig. 4: Construction sequence 4/2016