My Spine - Lumbar
Explanation: The spinal cord and the nerve roots that are attached to them
are directly in the area where the surgery is performed. Direct pressure on
these structures by surgical instruments or blood clots can cause damage.
Sharp instruments can damage nerves permanently. You may need an MRI
scan (see the chapter Tests and Scans) if your specialist deems it necessary to
assess significant complications.
Risk: There is a risk that the bony fusion which is part of some of the spinal
procedures will not grow, leading to follow-up surgery to support the fusion.
If you are a smoker or use steroids or Warfarin, there is a definite risk that
the bony fusion will not grow. It is imperative that you stop smoking before a
spinal fusion operation.
Explanation: The aim of some of the operations is to remove the disc
between the two vertebral bodies and to induce a fusion to form between the
two vertebrae. This is facilitated by placing bone between the two vertebrae.
In smokers and patients taking certain medications such as Warfarin, steroids,
anti-inflammatory drugs and certain other drugs, the bone does not grow as
well and causes non-union of the fusion. Make sure that you take only the
medication prescribed by your specialist following your procedure.
Risk: There is a risk that you might develop a blood clot in the veins of your
legs, called a deep venous thrombosis (DVT). This thrombosis can spread to
the lungs and heart and can cause death.
Explanation: This is a risk in all lengthy operations and prolonged bedrest.
This is because of sluggish flow of blood in the veins. The risk can be low-
ered by applying compressive stockings as well as foot pumps that keep the
blood flowing. It is also important that you should get up and move around
as soon as you are allowed. Passive leg exercises while in bed should be
explained to you by your physiotherapist.
Risk: Although it is extremely rare, there is a risk that you may die during
surgery because of an anaesthetic complication. Due to modern techniques
this risk is now less than 1/10 000.
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