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Camp Lejeune . Camp Lejeune is located in North Carolina and was studied in the Army Corps of Engineers study and was also the subject of two JLUS studies sponsored by Onslow County ( 2003 ) and Eastern Carolina counties ( 2002 ). Light encroachment was identified in the JLUS studies and recommended for local jurisdictions in a limited scope with a reference to “ Encourage the use of cutoff and semi-cutoff shoebox high sodium vapor lighting in the Accident Potential Zones .” There has been limited regulation put in place at the state , county or local jurisdictions .
• Craven County restricts “ lighting devices which are not shielded so as to prevent illumination in an upward direction .”
• Onslow County also has a General Plan statement “ Commercial and office development shall be encouraged to employ low profile signage and subtle outdoor lighting consistent with attractive building appearance and design , and to reduce light pollution . New , as well as replacement , signage and lighting shall be subject to this policy ,” and has a restriction for parking lots stating “ Any lighting of parking areas shall be shielded so as to cast no direct light upon adjacent properties and streets .
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Homestead Air Reserve Base . Located in the state of Flo completed a JLUS in 2006 that addressed light pollution fr and Miami-Dade County . The JLUS outlined the possible information portion of the document identifying concerns f the establishment of a Homestead Air Reserve Base Milita include , among other restrictions :
• Develop standards for exterior lighting that minim HARBMZ . With this tool , the city and county wou standards for new development within the HARBM scale light sources , such as individual residences , buildings or structures , such as a manufacturing o and roadway lighting , advertising signs , and outd should require that all exterior lighting be fully sh fixture projects below the horizontal direction . An providing this shielding should be permanently af proposed developments , buildings , and structures would have to comply with this shielding requirem that applicants for a building permit submit evide satisfy this standard , including the location of ligh of all lighting fixtures , and data demonstrating th Action steps : establish lighting standards that req lighting fixtures for certain large scale developme for sample exterior lighting guidelines .
• See Appendix A for the full text of the Framework Ordinances . This framework outlines the followin
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Fort Bragg . Fort Bragg is located in North Carolina and was the subject of a significant study related to light pollution (“ Light Pollution in the Fort Bragg Region of North Carolina ,” BRAC Regional Task Force , 2006 ) which was the result of JLUS recommendations in 2003 . This study identified “. . . expanding impact of light pollution on night training on the base . Light levels in the night sky , resulting from the growing urban areas which surround the Fort Bragg / Pope Air Force Base military complex , have begun to adversely affect the ability of pilots and ground troops to conduct realistic night training missions . Although the issue is beyond the scope of this Joint Land Use Study , it should be addressed by the region in some future study .” 14
• The recommendation was followed by the Regional Land Use Advisory Commission resulting in the Light Pollution Study referenced above . The commission ’ s effort was substantial as it relates to many of the recommendations in the JLUS .
• Cumberland County has developed local area plans and zoning restrictions that restrict outdoor lighting . The zoning code reflects performance standards that :
◦ restrict light and glare onto adjacent properties ; and
◦ require the all outdoor light fixtures be placed in such a manner that no light-emitting surface is visible from any residential area or public / private roadway , walkway , trail or other public way when viewed at ground level .
• Fayetteville has adopted substantial exterior illumination restrictions including :
◦ when lighted , off-street parking , loading , and circulation areas shall be lighted so as to prevent glare or illumination exceeding maximum allowable levels on adjacent land ;
◦ requires all lighting except for security or emergencies to be turned off by 10:00 PM ;
◦ requires all lighting to be “ pointed downward , not be allowed to be higher than 30 feet ;
◦ restricting light trespass at the property line from exterior lighting for residential or public and institutional use 0.5 , foot-candles , commercial use 2.5 foot-candles ; and
◦ requires all exterior lighting to be shielded .
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◦ All lights above 1800 lumens required to be f
◦ Recommends a limit of 80,000 lumens per ac
◦ 0.1 foot-candle limit at property lines ,
◦ All lights turned off one hour after closing ex
◦ Off premise and on premise signage lighted o off after 10:30 PM .
• The local communities have adopted the recomme but have not established the HARBMZ zone recom
• Miami-Dade County has adopted Homestead Air have a restriction on outdoor lighting . 15
• Miami-Dade County has adopted outdoor lighting
◦ Requires a permit based on a plan appro lighting will be so located , oriented , adju be deflected , shaded and focused away fr be or become a nuisance to such adjacen
◦ Restricts lighting for off street parking a and multi-family zones “ any overspill of not exceed one-half ( ½ ) foot-candle ( ver foot-candle ( horizontal ) illumination on
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